Economy 2024, December
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In economics, or rather in microeconomics, there is a theory about the marginal rate of substitution. By definition, this is the quantity of goods of one type that the buyer will agree to give up in favor of purchasing another product. Let's talk not so abstractly about this phenomenon
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Protection from external enemies is one of the main functions of a modern state. For these purposes, a military budget is being created, which makes it possible to maintain the army, modernize it, and conduct military exercises. But the threat to peaceful existence comes when the militarization of the economy begins
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Today, many seek to start their own business and thereby gain financial independence. But the world of business is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. Special laws reign here, according to which only the strongest survive
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Economy is a sphere of human activity that allows satisfying the needs of individuals. At the same time, it is an object of several scientific disciplines: applied and theoretical. The goal of the economy is consumption, but it is impossible without production, the development of which is the foundation for the functioning of the market, since it is the source of the entire mass of products, goods
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Productivity is a measure of work efficiency. At the same time, this indicator is used both to assess the fulfillment of tasks by the personnel of a company or enterprise, and for the functioning of machine tools, personal computers, their components and individual software
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The Central Economic Region of Russia with capital significance includes Moscow and 12 regions adjacent to the capital, including Moscow, Tula, Yaroslavl, Bryansk, Tver, Ivanovo, Ryazan, Oryol, Kostroma, Smolensk, Kaluga, Vladimir. On its territory of 486 thousand square meters. km with a favorable climate and highly developed industrial and social infrastructure, about 11% of the country's population is concentrated - this is about 30 million people
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The process of globalization of the world economy, accompanied by scientific and technological progress, has a huge impact on the activities of all economic entities. In particular, overall productivity is increasing, the quality of services is improving, and the use of natural resources is being rationalized. Changes in these indicators have a significant impact on the economy of each country participating in world trade processes
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The biography of Sergei Arkadyevich Plastinin is inextricably linked with business. The 48-year-old creator of the Wimm-Bill-Dann brand has a solid capital, is included in the Forbes list and enjoys great respect in Russia. His fate and career will be discussed in our article
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The concept of "labor resources" is ambiguous and vague. It was introduced by Academician Stanislav Strumilin in 1922. Usually, this term is understood as the part of the population of the country that can be engaged in socially useful work. The labor force includes both those who are already working somewhere and the unemployed, who theoretically could do something. The formation of labor resources is a complex and multifaceted process
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Berezovskaya GRES - two stations, two countries - Russia and Belarus. In 1987 and 1990 of the last century, two 800 MW units of the Berezovskaya GRES were put into operation in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. RF was built from 1956 to 1964
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Belarus, the area of u200bu200bwhich is indicated in this article, is a republic in its state structure. Let's talk about it in more detail
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Spain's economy in the eyes of the general public is wrapped tightly in a blanket of stereotypes associated with the sea coast, comfortable sunbeds with soft towels and a loyal consulate that easily issues visas. And also Gaudi… A wonderful tourist country in the south of Europe, what would they do without us… But no, it’s not like that. Although the towels are really soft
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The best kick, the most powerful motivation for a person, when he is on the verge of great achievements or, conversely, driven into a corner by life - this is the real experience of great people. If you can't find the strength to change your life, don't know where to start, read the sayings of successful people
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The article describes in detail the concepts of inflation and deflation, their comparison, the causes of these opposite processes and their consequences for the economy of any state, simple examples are given. The information is presented in simple language with minimal use of specialized terminology
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Greece's external debt is increasingly mentioned in the news today. Moreover, they talk about it in the context of the debt crisis and the possible default of the state. But far from all of our compatriots know what this phenomenon is, what are its prerequisites, and what consequences it may entail not only for this small country, but for the whole of Europe. We will talk about this in this article
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This article describes the economic concepts of demand and volume of demand in a simple, understandable language with minimal use of economic terminology. The essence of these concepts is disclosed in detail, the factors influencing the magnitude of demand are described with a graphical display, the demand function is described
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The article describes the concepts of cost, price and prime cost, what is the difference between them, the factors influencing the formation of prices, clear examples are given. The purpose of the article is to make complex definitions understandable and simple for a simple layman who does not have an economic education
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Public debt is a set of debt obligations of a country to legal entities, individuals, other states, world organizations that provide loans and provide financial assistance
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The Paris and London clubs of creditors are informal informal international associations. They include a different number of participants, and the degree of their influence is also different. The Paris and London Clubs were formed to restructure the debts of developing countries
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Entities operating in the real or financial economic sector quite often enter the bond market. Here they use a special tool for mobilizing money, which has a number of significant advantages. Let's take a closer look at what bonds are
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Nigeria is one of the largest and one of the most interesting countries on the African continent. The indigenous population of Nigeria is about 250 nationalities! It is this ethnic diversity that attracts the bulk of tourists to this country. What is the population density and population of Nigeria? You will learn about this from our article
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Armenian nuclear power plant provides almost a third of the country's electricity needs. This is the only nuclear power plant in the South Caucasus region. It is currently in operation, but its future is in doubt
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The living wage in the Russian Federation, about which there is so much talk now, is the minimum level of earnings necessary for living in the country. It should be equal to the cost of a conditional consumer basket. The cost of living varies from region to region. It is also different in different social groups. The cost of living in the Moscow region is 12,229 rubles
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The functional management structure is a set of departments, each of which has a specific task and responsibilities. Within this structure, each governing body, as well as the performer, has a specialization in the performance of certain managerial functions
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On behalf of the Russian government, a strategy for the country's sustainable development until 2020 was developed, which is called "Strategy 2020". More than a thousand experts worked on it for a whole year, and in 2011, with the help of specialists from the HSE and RANEPA, they coped with the program. This is the second version of the development of the KDR (the concept of long-term development), the first work was completed in 2007 by the Ministry of Economic Development and other departments, and the development was carried out on behalf of the
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Moscow is a city with a special status. It is the capital of the Russian Federation and home to almost 13 million people. The territorial division of Moscow implies the existence of administrative districts, districts and settlements within it. The latter appeared only recently, during the implementation of the project to expand the territory of the capital. The Northern Administrative District is one of the largest in Moscow. It includes 16 districts in which 1.2 million people live
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Natural population decline is one of the most urgent problems in the world. A situation arises as a result of the predominance of deaths over births
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Exchange is an important part of the market economy. That is why every modern inhabitant of the world should know what he is, what rules govern him. That is what we will talk about in this article
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Inflation: what is it, its types. Positive and negative effects of inflation. What is the benefit of moderate inflation?
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The volume of cargo transportation through the central part of the Old World is growing in proportion to the trade turnover between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe. The main transit load falls on the German transport system, which demonstrates its traditional qualities to the whole world: efficiency, high organization, reliability
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How many hours per week should I work? All employees who care about respecting their own rights in the workplace need to know how many hours per week are allotted by law for work
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In the five years leading up to 2015, the Vietnamese economy overcame many difficulties, but its high growth rates were maintained and the underlying macroeconomics remained stable. GDP growth on average over this period remained 7%, public investments in the total volume increased two and a half times and amounted to 42.9% of GDP. The financial crisis is raging in the world, but the inflow of investments into the country was ensured, and therefore the Vietnamese economy survived
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The institutional environment of the economy is a set of fundamental legal, social, political and economic rules that determine the framework of human behavior. Thanks to them, the basis for the production, distribution and exchange is formed
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Of course, many of us have heard of such a state entity as the country of Wales. The population of this region, which is part of Great Britain, is the descendants of the ancient Britons. At present, the inhabitants of this political and administrative area are seeking every year more and more rights from the central government of Great Britain to decide for themselves how to live on their land
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Why should the state artificially create a monopoly in any market? Sometimes only in this way it is possible to protect the state interests. After all, without protecting its economy, the country will quickly become bankrupt
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Throughout the history of human development, the question of what form of government is the most effective has remained relevant. Discussions on this subject were held two thousand years ago in ancient Rome. They continue in modern China and the Russian Federation
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To the question: "What is a quota?" - it is impossible to give a definite answer. This term was borrowed from the Latin language, and it means a part or a fraction of something that falls on each
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Which country belongs to the NIS: Canada, Sweden, Kazakhstan or Thailand? To answer this question, you need to understand the features of economic development in the states of this group. And this is where our information article will help you
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In June 2011, the law of the city of Moscow was updated, in which the housing policy of the capital received new goals and objectives, and the authorities received the main directions of activity to ensure the rights of citizens to housing. State support is being provided to citizens living in Moscow, this assistance has also taken on new forms
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What is a budget? What functions does it perform? What is the structure of the Russian budget model and through what legislative mechanisms does it function?