Which country belongs to the NIS: Canada, Sweden, Kazakhstan or Thailand? To answer this question, you need to understand the features of economic development in the states of this group. And this is where our informational article will help you.
NIS is…
What is NIS? And how to decipher this abbreviation correctly?
NIS are the so-called newly industrialized countries. In the original (in English) it sounds like this: newly industrialized country, or NIC for short. By the way, very often in Russian you can find an abbreviation in the form of NIK.
NIS is a group of states that share common features of socio-economic development. The main feature that unites them is the rapid economic growth that took place (or is happening) in a rather short timeframe.
NIS includes countries that are located on different continents of the Earth. What exactly? This will be discussed further.
Main features of NIS countries
Among the key features of the group of NIS countries are the following:
- high and rapid economic growth;
- dynamic changes inmacroeconomics;
- structural changes in the national economy;
- growth of the professionalism of the workforce;
- active participation in international trade;
- wide attraction of foreign capital and investment;
- high share of the manufacturing industry in the structure of GDP (over 20%).
Scientists and economists refer this or that state to the NIS group according to several main parameters (indicators). This is:
- GDP (per capita);
- its growth rate (average annual);
- share of the manufacturing industry in the structure of GDP;
- total merchandise exports;
- Foreign direct investment.
NIS countries (list)
NIS countries have been singled out as a separate group of developing countries. This process began around the mid-1960s. Today, NIS includes the states of Asia, America and Africa. There are four stages (or waves) in the formation of this group of countries.
So, all NIS countries (list):
- first wave: the so-called "East Asian tigers" (Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea), as well as three states of America - Brazil, Argentina and Mexico;
- second wave: India, Malaysia, Thailand;
- third wave includes Cyprus, Indonesia, Turkey and Tunisia;
- fourth wave: China and the Philippines.
The map below shows the location of all these countries on the planet.
Thus, 16 differentstates. At the end of the twentieth century, geographers and economists could safely say that entire regions with stable and rapid economic growth were formed on Earth.
NIS: history and patterns of development
As a result of the influence of certain factors in economically developed countries in the 60s of the twentieth century (such as the USA, Japan or Germany), the production of certain goods ceased to be profitable. We are talking about textiles, electronics, products of the chemical industry. In the end, their production was transferred to developing countries, which could "boast" of cheap labor and low land prices.
Over time, many transnational corporations began to place their production here. And those states that were the first to create a favorable climate for foreign investment were able to achieve economic success. These were the NIS countries of the first wave of formation: South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and others.
It is logical that over time, the newly industrialized countries of the first generation began to lose their obvious advantages over other developing countries. Now they have already begun to move part of their production (primarily labor-intensive) to the nearest countries. They were: Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia. This happened already in the 80s. Still later, the Philippines, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and others were drawn into these processes.
Thus, in the history of the formation of the NIS, there is a "step-by-step industrialization". Developingtechnologically, each of the NIS countries over time yielded the lower stage in its development to the states of the next generation of industrialization.
NIS: economic development models
Among all the newly industrialized countries, there are several main models of economic development. This is:
- Asian model;
- Latin American model.
The first is distinguished by a small share of state ownership in the national economy. However, the influence of state institutions on the economies of these countries remains high. In the states of the Asian sector of the NIS, there is a certain "cult of loy alty" to "their" companies. The national economies of these countries are developing, focusing primarily on the external market.
The second model, Latin American, is typical for the states of South America, as well as Mexico. Here, on the contrary, there is a clear trend towards the development of national economies with a focus on import substitution.
"East Asian tigers" - the first among the NIS
They are called differently: "East Asian tigers", "small Asian dragons", "four Asian tigers". All of these are unofficial names for a group of the same countries. We are talking about South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong. All of them showed very high rates of economic development in the last third of the twentieth century.
In the mid-1950s, South Korea was among the most backward in all respectscountries of the world. In a short 30-year period, she was able to make a tremendous leap from poverty to high development. The country's GDP per capita during this time has grown 385 times! Modern South Korea is the most important center of shipbuilding and automotive industry in Asia.
However, Singapore had the highest economic growth rate of the four at the end of the last century (about 14% per year). This tiny state is one of the largest oil refining centers in the world. In addition, science-intensive industries are also actively developing in Singapore. There are also quite a few foreign tourists here (over 8 million annually).
Other NIS countries - Hong Kong and Taiwan - are more or less dependent on the PRC government. Significant for the economies of both these countries is tourism. Taiwan is also a major hub for the latest technology and nuclear power throughout Asia. And the country holds the world championship in the production of marine yachts!
In closing
After reading our article, you will definitely be able to answer the question: "which country belongs to the NIS?" This group includes today at least 16 states located in Asia, America and Africa.
NIS is a group of countries that are distinguished by a number of characteristic features. These are, first of all, the rapid pace of economic growth, a high percentage of the manufacturing industry in the structure of GDP, active participation in the international distribution of labor, as well as the widespread attraction of foreign investment in the development of their economy.
