Economy

Sergey Plastinin: biography and career

Sergey Plastinin: biography and career

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The biography of Sergei Arkadyevich Plastinin is inextricably linked with business. The 48-year-old creator of the Wimm-Bill-Dann brand has a solid capital, is included in the Forbes list and enjoys great respect in Russia. His fate and career will be discussed in our article

Foreign trade activity: features and methods of regulation

Foreign trade activity: features and methods of regulation

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The process of globalization of the world economy, accompanied by scientific and technological progress, has a huge impact on the activities of all economic entities. In particular, overall productivity is increasing, the quality of services is improving, and the use of natural resources is being rationalized. Changes in these indicators have a significant impact on the economy of each country participating in world trade processes

Central economic region - the core of the history and economy of Russia

Central economic region - the core of the history and economy of Russia

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The Central Economic Region of Russia with capital significance includes Moscow and 12 regions adjacent to the capital, including Moscow, Tula, Yaroslavl, Bryansk, Tver, Ivanovo, Ryazan, Oryol, Kostroma, Smolensk, Kaluga, Vladimir. On its territory of 486 thousand square meters. km with a favorable climate and highly developed industrial and social infrastructure, about 11% of the country's population is concentrated - this is about 30 million people

Performance is The formula for productivity

Performance is The formula for productivity

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Productivity is a measure of work efficiency. At the same time, this indicator is used both to assess the fulfillment of tasks by the personnel of a company or enterprise, and for the functioning of machine tools, personal computers, their components and individual software

Organizational economics: concept, forms and functions

Organizational economics: concept, forms and functions

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Economy is a sphere of human activity that allows satisfying the needs of individuals. At the same time, it is an object of several scientific disciplines: applied and theoretical. The goal of the economy is consumption, but it is impossible without production, the development of which is the foundation for the functioning of the market, since it is the source of the entire mass of products, goods

The most famous entrepreneurs of the world and Russia

The most famous entrepreneurs of the world and Russia

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Today, many seek to start their own business and thereby gain financial independence. But the world of business is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. Special laws reign here, according to which only the strongest survive

Militarization of the economy: concept, examples

Militarization of the economy: concept, examples

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Protection from external enemies is one of the main functions of a modern state. For these purposes, a military budget is being created, which makes it possible to maintain the army, modernize it, and conduct military exercises. But the threat to peaceful existence comes when the militarization of the economy begins

Marginal rate of substitution - what is it? Marginal rate of substitution of labor by capital

Marginal rate of substitution - what is it? Marginal rate of substitution of labor by capital

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

In economics, or rather in microeconomics, there is a theory about the marginal rate of substitution. By definition, this is the quantity of goods of one type that the buyer will agree to give up in favor of purchasing another product. Let's talk not so abstractly about this phenomenon

Italian GDP per capita

Italian GDP per capita

Last modified: 2025-06-01 05:06

Italy is one of the industrialized countries. It takes an active part in the current international development. Experts characterize it as a country with a high level of development, in which a post-industrial economy has been established

What is innovation? Examples, types of innovation

What is innovation? Examples, types of innovation

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

One of the most important criteria for the efficiency of the economy of a modern state is innovativeness. In what industries can its presence be of particular importance? What are innovations?

Competition is the rivalry between participants in a market economy. Types and functions of competition

Competition is the rivalry between participants in a market economy. Types and functions of competition

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Competition is a concept inherent in a market economy. Each participant in financial and trade relations strives to take the best place in the environment where he has to function. This is the reason why there is competition. The struggle between the subjects of market relations can be conducted according to different rules. This determines the type of competition. The features of such rivalry will be discussed in the article

Consumer surplus - what is it? What is consumer and producer surplus?

Consumer surplus - what is it? What is consumer and producer surplus?

Last modified: 2025-06-01 05:06

Often we are ready to pay more for this or that product than it actually costs, which is connected with our natural needs and desires. Such opportunities of ours constitute a separate element in the structure of a he althy market, which we will discuss below

International capital market

International capital market

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The international capital market, depending on the timing of its movement, consists of three sectors: the Eurocredit market, the global money market and the financial market. Thus, the world market of financial resources is based on the provision of euro loans for a short time (up to one year)

Who is the Take-or-Pay trading principle good for?

Who is the Take-or-Pay trading principle good for?

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The very principle of Take-or-Pay ("take or pay") is not so bad for both parties entering into a contract. Analysts, cursing Gazprom for its imperial position, usually forget to explain that the volume of gas paid for but not chosen is not lost, but is transferred to the next period

Capital-labor ratio is the provision of personnel with fixed assets

Capital-labor ratio is the provision of personnel with fixed assets

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

One of the areas of production management is the rational use of available resources and the effective management of the material and technical subsystem of the company. The analysis of the material and technical subsystem, among other things, makes it possible to identify the level of provision of the personnel of the enterprise with the means of production, i.e. capital-labor ratio

Examples of transaction costs: theory, forms and types

Examples of transaction costs: theory, forms and types

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

We are aware of the costs that directly affect the final cost of production. The company buys raw materials, hires people, provides workers with materials and technologies in order to get the final product, the final cost of which will include all production costs. But there is another separate type of expenses, without which a company can hardly do without in the modern market. These are the so-called transaction costs

RTS and MICEX indices: stock market pulse

RTS and MICEX indices: stock market pulse

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The RTS and MICEX indices have become an integral part of the history of the Russian economy. They allow you to determine the mood prevailing in the stock market of the country. How do the RTS and MICEX indices differ from each other? This article will tell about it

Index of physical volume of production

Index of physical volume of production

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Indicators that may be important both in terms of assessing the state of affairs at a particular enterprise, and in identifying macroeconomic trends, are various indices - for example, the physical volume of production or sales. How are they calculated? For what purpose can they be used?

Perfect and imperfect competition: essence, characteristics, main models

Perfect and imperfect competition: essence, characteristics, main models

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Perfect and imperfect competition, their forms, models, distinctive features have been haunting the minds of the world's leading economists for several centuries

Operational analysis as an element of cost management. CVP analysis. Breakeven point

Operational analysis as an element of cost management. CVP analysis. Breakeven point

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

What is the operational analysis of the enterprise? What is it used for? What allows you to know?

Quantitative risk analysis: how not to lose in business?

Quantitative risk analysis: how not to lose in business?

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Today, in a large number of draft business plans, even if they have an appropriate section containing an analytical aspect, the problem is narrowed only to an analysis of financial or banking risks and does not reflect the full range of risks. However, professionals need to make extensive use of both qualitative and quantitative risk analysis

Nominal and real interest rate is Level of real interest rates

Nominal and real interest rate is Level of real interest rates

Last modified: 2025-06-01 05:06

The most important characteristic of the modern economy is the depreciation of investments through inflationary processes. This fact makes it expedient to use not only the nominal, but also the real interest rate when making certain decisions in the loan capital market. What is the rate of interest? What does it depend on? How to determine the real interest rate?

Prospects for the ERA-GLONASS project

Prospects for the ERA-GLONASS project

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

From the beginning of 2015, an emergency response system for car accidents, called ERA-GLONASS, began to operate in Russia. The navigation project was being prepared for five years. At the same time, a system has been created that guarantees the safety of transport through the use of new opportunities for information, telecommunications and navigation

Development of the metro in Moscow and regions

Development of the metro in Moscow and regions

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The Moscow Metro is one of the most popular types of public transport. The development of the metro today provides an opportunity for millions of residents of the capital and the nearest suburbs to quickly get from one end of the city to the other, even in the hottest time. The Moscow subway actually ensures the uninterrupted operation of the main economic, political and financial artery of the country. How is it supposed to develop the subway in the future?

Venice: the population of the city in different centuries. Modern population of Venice

Venice: the population of the city in different centuries. Modern population of Venice

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Perhaps, it is impossible to find a person who has not heard of such an amazing city as Venice. Canals instead of streets, gondoliers instead of taxis - it would be interesting for anyone to visit here. But how do the locals live and how many are there?

International finance system: concept and structure

International finance system: concept and structure

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Finances play an important role in the life and development of the state. Each country has its own characteristics regarding the regulation of the internal movement of financial flows. However, in general, they all converge into a single whole and form a global system. In the article we will try to understand what the system of international finance is and what is its structure

The financial system of the Russian Federation, its structure

The financial system of the Russian Federation, its structure

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Without much hesitation, we can answer that the financial system of the Russian Federation is a set of bodies of financial and credit organizations that are engaged in financial activities in the state, using funds for this purpose. At the same time, lawyers and economists define this concept in different ways

English statistician and economist Petty William: biography, economic views, theories, works

English statistician and economist Petty William: biography, economic views, theories, works

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Petty William (1623-1687) was an English economist, scientist and philosopher. He rose to prominence while serving Oliver Cromwell and the English Republic. The scientist has developed effective methods for surveying land intended for confiscation

Theory of supply and demand: essence, characteristics, basic concepts

Theory of supply and demand: essence, characteristics, basic concepts

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The theory of supply and demand is the basis of the market model that prevails in most developed countries. The relative simplicity of formulations, visibility and good predictability have led to the fact that this concept has gained immense popularity among scientists and economists around the world

Karl Menger: biography, writings

Karl Menger: biography, writings

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Carl Menger was born on February 23, 1840. He is known as an outstanding economist and founder of the Austrian school. Menger's father was a lawyer, and his mother was a merchant's daughter from Bohemia

Transition economy is Countries in transition: list

Transition economy is Countries in transition: list

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The market economy and its formation in the modern world is a very complex issue, since it is necessary to completely transform and change the system that has developed over many decades. But it is impossible to quickly change all this, to form an updated worldview of economic entities, to create a regulatory and legal framework. Transition economy is a stage of development, reform and transformation

Economy liberalization in Russia. Economic liberalization - what is it?

Economy liberalization in Russia. Economic liberalization - what is it?

Last modified: 2025-06-01 05:06

In Soviet times, there was a planned economy. Then there were monetary and commodity relations, but there were no real market mechanisms that would regulate purchase and sale transactions, prices, financial flows. There was no equilibrium of prices, no competition, the laws of supply and demand did not affect the cost of goods, since it was formed on the basis of spending and was divorced from the situation on the world market. That is why the liberalization of the economy is the main task for the transition to market capitalist relations

Installation "Tornado" - history and features

Installation "Tornado" - history and features

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The "Tornado" installation is a second-echelon unit designed to provide fire support to motorized rifle units. It is used to inflict salvo and single strikes on artillery, manpower, armored vehicles that are on the march, during deployment, in the defense zone, in combat readiness, in open areas or in shelter, in the area of concentration

Ben Bernanke and his views on the economy

Ben Bernanke and his views on the economy

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Ben Shalom Bernanke took over as chairman of the Federal Reserve Board on February 1, 2006, replacing Alan Greenspan. Congress did so because Bernanke knew how monetary policy contributed to the Great Depression and believed in inflation targeting

Israel's GDP grows slowly but surely

Israel's GDP grows slowly but surely

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

Israel is a small country on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, formed in 1948 by the decision of the UN. Plans to create a Jewish state in the former British mandated territory were realized thanks to the support of the United States and the Soviet Union. For 70 years, the country has become one of the most successful in the world, with a dynamic high-tech economy. In terms of GDP, Israel ($316.77 billion) is ahead of all its neighbors in the region and ranks 35th in the world (as of 2017)

The biggest country in the world

The biggest country in the world

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

There is no doubt that the largest country in the world in terms of area is Russia. Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union, she retained her leadership position. Indeed, it is impossible to imagine another power so great in scale. Moreover, Russia is the only state located both in Europe and in Asia

Republics of Russia: list in alphabetical order

Republics of Russia: list in alphabetical order

Last modified: 2025-06-01 05:06

The composition of Russia has been formed out of 85 subjects. Republics make up one-fourth of that number. They occupy about thirty percent of the total territory of the country. One sixth of all residents of the state live there (excluding Crimea). Next, we will analyze the term "republic" in more detail. The article will also provide some historical information regarding the formations of these subjects, a list of formations existing today

What strategy should be followed when demand is elastic?

What strategy should be followed when demand is elastic?

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

As you know, the income of any firm, enterprise and private entrepreneur depends on many factors, but perhaps the most important of them is the volume of sales of products sold. It largely depends on its size, what will be the level of revenue and the amount of net profit. This factor, in turn, depends on how elastic demand is and on the chosen pricing strategy

Return on working capital: coefficient, formula, analysis

Return on working capital: coefficient, formula, analysis

Last modified: 2025-01-23 09:01

The financial management of the enterprise is carried out on the basis of data from the analysis of a number of indicators. One of them is the return on working capital. How this coefficient is studied, as well as optimization measures are developed, is discussed in detail in the article

Total social product: definition, structure, indicators, distribution

Total social product: definition, structure, indicators, distribution

Last modified: 2025-06-01 05:06

The total social product is an economic indicator that summarizes all the products produced in the world. It allows you to understand the needs of society and evaluate the labor costs required to create the final product. Aggregate product is the best indicator of national we alth