Economy 2024, December

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In this review, we will consider the biography of the famous Russian politician and financial ombudsman Pavel Medvedev. We will pay special attention to his career

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This article describes the mechanisms of supply and demand correlation. Describe the elasticity of supply and demand. Some formulas of supply and demand are given. It also talks a little about the role of the state in the economy, or rather, its impact on the production and consumption of goods

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This article is written about the financial condition of Gazprom PJSC, its structure, investment program, debts to other companies, reasons for debts. The material will be of interest to people who want to learn more about the economic condition of PJSC "Gazprom"

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Resource availability is a quantitative relationship between the amount of natural resources and the amount of their consumption. The concept of "natural resources" refers to those components of nature that are used or can be used to meet various human needs. The past twentieth century is characterized by an unprecedented increase in the world's population and world social production, and the achievements of modern scientific technologies have an increasing impact on the environment

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In the economy of any country, the energy complex is of paramount importance. The electric power industry is important in all aspects of the functioning of the state (both in the industrial sector and in everyday life). One of the main links in the electric power industry are thermal power plants. Let's consider this question in more detail

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Forbes magazine has published a new list (rating), which includes the richest people in the world. In 2013, little has changed compared to 2012, but still there are some changes. Stay up to date, find out how people make their capital

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In difficult times of economic and financial crises, the term "stagnant unemployment" is ubiquitous. This concept does not inspire hope, but rather, on the contrary, it inflames the situation even more. But knowledge of the interpretation of terms, the causes of this phenomenon, the features of its course and possible consequences reduces panic and makes it possible to objectively assess the situation

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With an increase in income, any person begins to spend more and save for something. It would seem that in practice everything is quite simple - more money means more than anything else. In fact, there are a number of concepts, theories, various formulas and relationships in economics that describe, calculate and explain this phenomenon. These include the propensity to consume (marginal, average), to save, the Keynesian Basic Psychological Law, etc

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Any, even the smallest production, requires certain equipment, tools, inventory, etc. Everything that is used by the enterprise to carry out its activities is commonly called fixed assets

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In the economy, there are a fairly large number of different processes that affect its development and course. One of them is monopolization. This phenomenon has both positive and negative features, and must be monitored and regulated in order to avoid significant negative consequences. So what is monopolization, what is its essence and what is its impact?

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Recession is a slowdown or complete absence of economic growth or a temporary economic downturn. This is a kind of transitional stage between boom and depression and, according to the classic definition of a recession, this is zero economic growth for 6 months

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There are an insane amount of different entrepreneurs in the world who are engaged in completely different types of activities. How do they manage to keep their business and what laws do they follow? The laws of the market, the law of demand and other factors in the development of the organization are our topic today. This article will discuss a very important law, the observance of which helps entrepreneurs stay afloat

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There are quite a lot of enterprises in the world that produce various products and goods or offer their services. How do they stay afloat? How can entrepreneurs promote and grow their organizations? To do this, there is such a thing as an analysis of the financial stability of an enterprise

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The European Economic Community was a regional organization. The EEC countries have united in order to deepen and expand integration. And this goal has been achieved. The successor to the EEC is the European Union, which completely absorbed this regional organization in 2009

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Tourist and recreational areas of Russia are very diverse and can satisfy the most demanding person. Here you can improve your he alth and just have fun and useful time

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Norway's area is small, but this does not prevent her from having a high standard of living. Let's talk more about this country

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The objective function is a function with some variables, on which the achievement of optimality directly depends. It can also act as several variables that characterize a particular object. We can say that, in fact, it shows how we have progressed in achieving our goal

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Venture funds are organizations that invest their financial capital in projects or any enterprises at the initial stage of their development and formation

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The details of any legal entity operating in our country always contain the following values: TIN, KPP. These numbers are assigned to organizations upon their registration with the tax authority. Numeric codes are always used together. They help determine the name of the organization, its legal address

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Issue is a procedure performed by an issuer for issuing securities and banknotes into circulation. There are two types of money supply: non-cash and cash. The increase in the volume of money supply is carried out by the state represented by the Central Bank. Non-cash emission is the creation by banks of deposits and credit lines. Issuers can place their equity securities (all shares, one-time bonds, financial bills) on stock markets

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An issuer is an entity that issues securities, fulfills obligations under them and is a resident of the Russian Federation. The largest issuer is the state. Securities issued by the state occupy a leading position in the stock market in Russia. Information about the entity issuing securities (and its auditors) is provided by the FFMS in the form of a quarterly report. The report is published in the media so that all shareholders can read it

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According to the results of 2014, China ranked first in the world in terms of economic development, for the first time ahead of the United States, the largest exporter in 2010. This year, the domestic Chinese market is expected to become the largest in the world

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To control the work of the enterprise, a special system of indicators is used. With their help, it turns out to explore various aspects of the organization's activities, to identify the weaknesses of the processes. Having developed a number of measures, the company can eliminate the negative trends that have emerged in the manufacturing sector. This allows us to produce competitive, cost-effective products. What performance indicators are used in the analysis? Examples of their calculation will be presented in the article

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Modern man is a consumer of not only goods, but also services. The development of the non-productive sphere is the most important indicator in the economy of any state

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Economic and mathematical methods are currently widely used in the economy and are an important direction in improving the analysis of the activities of economic entities, as well as their divisions. This can be achieved by reducing the time of analysis, in-depth characterization of business factors, replacing complex calculations with simpler ones

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The definition of "gradation" can be different depending on what we are talking about. We can talk about gradation as a stylistic figure in the Russian language, age gradation in sociology, color gradation in art or in computer programs, gradation of the quality of goods in trade. Therefore, depending on the context in which the word gradation occurs (examples are given above), it can mean completely different things

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Absolutely any human activity is a relationship of "subject and object". The first is the one who wears the spiritual and material structure, who radiates activity that is directed to the object. The latter, in turn, opposes this subject and what it is aimed at

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In economic activity, diversification is the expansion of the activities of large organizations or industries beyond the core business. In a broader sense, this is a strategy aimed at diversified production. This form of organization is very important in today's market conditions and has a significant impact on the division of labor and competition

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The most important indicator of the series of dynamics is the absolute increase. It characterizes changes in a positive or negative direction over a certain period of time. In a variable base, its change is usually called the growth rate

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Energy audit of the enterprise pursues the most important goal - to identify ways to reduce the cost of energy resources, both in physical terms and in value terms. Such a study will allow the preparation of a sound, comprehensive plan for energy saving in the medium term

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The working capital ratio reveals whether the enterprise has enough of its own funds, which are necessary for its financial stability. The presence of a business entity's capital is one of the most important conditions for the effective operation of an enterprise. It belongs to the group of coefficients that determine the financial stability of the organization

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A public offer is a proposal by a legal or natural person to conclude a certain civil law contract. It implies a proposition addressed to specific subjects, clearly expressing the intentions of this legal or natural person

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Enforcement is established to strengthen contractual discipline. Some property guarantees of implementation are created - this is a pledge, a pen alty, a deposit, a surety, a retention of property and a bank guarantee

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Direct manufacturing costs are the costs associated with labor costs, the purchase of raw materials and basic materials, purchased semi-finished products, fuel, etc. They are directly dependent on the output of manufactured products. The more products you need to produce, the more raw materials you will need

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Divisional organizational structure is a structure in which autonomous divisions are allocated to manage the production of individual products, as well as some functions of the production process. In such a structure, the heads of the departments they lead bear full responsibility for the results of their activities

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The term "social statistics" is interpreted in different ways. As a science, it is interpreted as a system of methods and techniques for collecting, processing, storing and analyzing information in numerical terms. This information carries data about social phenomena and processes in society. As a practical activity, social statistics is a focus on the collection and generalization of numerical materials that characterize various social processes

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Financial management is the techniques, tools and methods that are used in an enterprise in order to increase profitability and minimize the risks of insolvency. He pursues one main goal - to receive the maximum possible benefit from the activities of the organization, acting in the interests of the owners

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Frictional unemployment is a mismatch in the timing of transitions of workers from one enterprise to another. It also happens when moving from one profession to another, from one industry to another

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The labor economy is realized in the labor force - the mental and physical capacity of people. Under market conditions, labor power is capital that is sold to the owner. Therefore, labor in this case acts as a commodity

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In the scientific understanding, property is a social concept that reflects the most complex system of relationships between social groups, individuals and classes. The forms of exchange, distribution and consumption depend on the nature of property. In the process of economic development, forms of ownership tended to change, which was based on the development of productive forces