A skeptic is a person who tends to question any statement. Such a position allows us to put forward more and more new hypotheses in knowledge, but in extreme cases of skepticism, doubt can reach the point of absurdity
Snobs are people who are characterized by an arrogant attitude towards those who do not share their opinions, tastes, preferences. It is noteworthy that such a contemptuous attitude is based on envy and the desire to get into high society
Apoliticality in modern society is an actual social phenomenon. Research results show that the proportion of the younger generation that participates in political activities is declining. Cardinal measures are needed to involve adolescents and youth in this area
The article is an interpretation of the wisest sayings of the great thinker and philosopher of Ancient China Confucius, the very first teacher in the world who de alt not only with everyday human issues, but also with the management of the country
John Austen is a British philosopher, one of the important figures in what is called the philosophy of language. He was the founder of the concept, one of the first theories of pragmatists in the philosophy of language. This theory is called "speech act". Its original formulation is related to his posthumous work "How to Make Words Things"
"Philosophy of money" is the most famous work of the German sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel, who is considered one of the key representatives of the so-called late philosophy of life (irrationalist trend). In his work, he closely studies the issues of monetary relations, the social function of money, as well as logical consciousness in all possible manifestations - from modern democracy to the development of technology. This book was one of his first works on the spirit of capitalism
Content analysis in sociology is the most important method of collecting and processing documentary information. There are two general categories of content analysis: conceptual and relational. Conceptual analysis can be seen as establishing the existence and frequency of concepts in a text. The relational builds on the conceptual, exploring relationships between concepts in a text
Man is a being, on the one hand, reasonable, on the other hand, endowed with a sufficient number of oddities of various kinds. It happens that everything is relatively harmonious and naturally developed in it. But among people there are also those who have any deviations in the development of their body. It can be psychological, somatic, physiological and other pathologies. We know that all people can be divided by gender into feminine and masculine
Richard Avenarius was a German-Swiss positivist philosopher who taught in Zurich. He created an epistemological theory of knowledge, known as empirio-criticism, according to which the main task of philosophy is to develop a natural concept of the world based on pure experience
Fichte is a famous German philosopher, today considered a classic. His basic idea was that a person forms himself in the process of activity. The philosopher influenced the work of many other thinkers who developed his ideas. Read the biography of the thinker and his main ideas in the article
"Pythagorean pants are equal in all directions" - without exaggeration, we can say that 97% of people are familiar with this expression. About the same number of people know about the Pythagorean theorem. This is where the knowledge of the majority about the great thinker ends, and he was not only a mathematician, but also an outstanding philosopher. Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans left their mark on world history, and you should know about it
Respect for the participants in the discussion, for their beliefs and convictions is the basis of this dispute. Claiming absolute truth is a serious mistake. A false thought is sometimes only partly false. Also, correct reasoning may contain a number of inaccuracies
The whole adult life of the philosopher was filled with this book. Since he began to live in England, Canetti has almost always worked on this book. Was it worth the effort? Maybe the world has not seen other works of the author? But according to the thinker himself, he did what he had to do. They were allegedly controlled by a certain force, the nature of which is difficult to understand
Wilhelm Windelband is a German philosopher, one of the founders of neo-Kantianism and the founder of the Baden School. The works and ideas of the scientist are still popular and relevant, but he wrote few books. The main legacy of Windelband was his students, among whom are real stars of philosophy
The paradox of Achilles and the tortoise, put forward by the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno, defies common sense. It claims that the athletic guy Achilles will never catch up with the clumsy tortoise if it starts its movement before him. So what is it: sophism (a deliberate error in proof) or a paradox (a statement that has a logical explanation)? Let's try to understand this article
The development of Soviet philosophical thought followed a rather complicated path. Scientists had to work only on those problems that would not go beyond the communist framework. Any dissent was subjected to persecution and persecution, and therefore rare daredevils decided to devote their lives to those ideals that did not coincide with the opinion of the Soviet elite
Alain Badiou is a French philosopher who previously held the chair of philosophy at the Ecole Normaleum in Paris and founded the philosophy department of the University of Paris VIII with Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault and Jean-Francois Lyotard. He wrote about the concepts of being, truth, event and subject, which, in his opinion, are neither postmodernist nor a simple repetition of modernism
Max Scheler was born and lived in an era of rapid social changes in the world, which resulted in revolutions and wars. His worldview was influenced by the teachings of many German thinkers, whose ideas he met as a student. He himself became famous in connection with his philosophical anthropology, which he considered in the last years of his life
Be who you want to be with you. Develop in yourself those qualities that you appreciate in others. But before that, it is necessary to answer the main question of what qualities are most valuable in people
The crazy run of life, where everyone is trying to snatch their right to happiness, is sometimes interrupted so suddenly that any desire to continue this merciless race disappears. “Money rules the world,” people say. But is it really so? In the continuation of the article, we will analyze in detail this question of concern to many people
In Latin, the word "personalism" means "personality". Personalism is a theistic direction in modern philosophy. Based on the name itself, it is not difficult to guess that it is the personality (that is, the person himself) that acts as the basic creative reality and is the highest spiritual value. This direction appeared at the end of the last century, when its main principles were formed, which will be discussed today
A person needs to believe in something. There are different situations in life, and even those who rely only on themselves need support from time to time in the form of a higher mind, a powerful being that is not visible, but its powers are limitless
The twentieth century is considered to be a turning point in the history of mankind. It became the period when there was a qualitative leap in the development of science, technology, economics and other sectors that are priority for a person. Naturally, this could not but give rise to some changes in the minds of people
In an effort to get to the bottom, to get to the essence, to the origins of the world, different thinkers, different schools came to different concepts of the category in philosophy. And they built their hierarchies in their own way. However, a number of categories were invariably present in any philosophical teachings. These universal categories underlying everything are now called the main philosophical categories
Locke John, in An Essay on Human Understanding, states that almost all science, with the exception of mathematics and morality, and most of our daily experience, is subject to opinion or judgment. We base our judgments on the similarity of sentences to our own experience and to the experiences we have heard from others
In the article we will get acquainted with the most outstanding English thinkers who formed and developed philosophy as a science from the Middle Ages to the present day. Their work had a fundamental influence on the direction of ideas throughout Europe
Why is everything so complicated? This is the question we ask ourselves when something goes wrong, and problems fall on our shoulders with an unbearable burden. Sometimes it seems that there is not enough air, free flight due to the feeling of constant oppression of time and circumstances that cannot always be influenced
The Teaching of Lao Tzu is the basis and canon of Taoism. In one article it is impossible to display the entire concept of the philosophy of Taoism, the history of its schools and practices. But one can try to give an elementary idea of the doctrine of the Tao Te Ching, its alleged author, the history of this document, the importance in the development of the teaching, as well as convey the main idea and content
What is a person looking for in the history of philosophy, what questions that concern him, does he want answers? Most likely, this is the definition of one's place in life, understanding this world, the search for harmony in relationships. And social and moral values come to the fore. Many thinkers over the centuries have been studying the principles and laws of the development of society, the general principles of being. In this article, we will dwell in more detail on some aspects of the Russian philosophy of Radishchev
The identity of each individual ethnic group is very unique. The Russian people are no exception, boasting not only a distinctive culture, but also a stunningly deep and rich history. At one fine moment, all our we alth was combined into the so-called Russian idea. This is a term that characterizes us as an ethnic group that has its own traditions and history. Well, let's deal with this concept and all its nuances in more detail
Man is considered to be the highest rational being and the best creation of nature, which prevails over all other creatures. However, Aristotle would not agree with us. The teachings about man carry the most important idea, which is that, according to Aristotle, man is a social and political animal. Upright and thinking, but still an animal
In any textbook on philosophy, you can read that John Locke is an outstanding representative of the era of the New Age. This English thinker made a huge impression on the later masters of the minds of the Enlightenment. His letters were read by Voltaire and Rousseau. Locke's sensationalism became the starting point from which Kant and Hume repelled. And the ideas about the dependence of knowledge on sensory perception became popular during the life of the thinker
"Back to Kant!" - it was under this slogan that the course of neo-Kantianism was formed. This term is usually understood as the philosophical direction of the early twentieth century. Neo-Kantianism prepared fertile ground for the development of phenomenology, influenced the formation of the concept of ethical socialism, and helped to separate the natural and human sciences. Neo-Kantianism is a whole system consisting of many schools that were founded by the followers of Kant
Erich Seligmann Fromm is a world famous American psychologist and humanistic philosopher of German origin. His theories, although rooted in Freud's psychoanalysis, focus on the individual as a social being who uses the powers of reason and love to go beyond instinctive behavior
Scholars say that one of the least developed topics in philosophy is war. In most works devoted to this problem, the authors, as a rule, do not go beyond the moral assessment of this phenomenon. The article will consider the history of the study of the philosophy of war
Hegel's dialectic is a developed view of history. History in his understanding appears as a process of formation and self-development of the spirit
An essay on the search for answers to philosophical questions. The eternal questions of philosophy - what are they about? Do they change with the development of society?
Today, the family is considered one of the fundamental institutions of our society. It is the institutions of the family that give stability to society and help the reproduction of the population
Man lives in a difficult world. Every day he encounters directly or learns through various sources about tragedies, terrorist attacks, disasters, murders, thefts, wars and other negative manifestations. All these upheavals make society forget about higher values
Needs - a lack or need for something necessary for the normal life of a person, a social group and society as a whole. They are an internal stimulus to activity. A person, being a representative of the animal world, has physiological needs, the satisfaction of which is necessary to maintain security, metabolism, etc. The spiritual needs of a person are the need to know the world around and their place in it