Laureate of the State Prize - the owner of an honorary award awarded by the President of the Russian Federation since 1992. It is awarded for outstanding achievements in technology, science, art, literature, as well as high production results.
Predecessor Awards
The tradition of awarding outstanding people the title of laureate of the State Prize appeared in the Soviet Union. This tradition was introduced in 1967, since then it has been timed to coincide with the anniversary of the October Revolution.
This award has become the successor to the Stalin Prize. The USSR State Prize was the second in importance, as well as in terms of monetary reward, after the Lenin Prize. In 1967, several dozen awards were presented at once. In particular, mathematician Anatoly Georgievich Vitushkin, poet Yaroslav Vasilyevich Smolyakov, literary critic Irakli Luarsabovich Andronnikov, composers Andrey Pavlovich Petrov and Tikhon Nikolaevich Khrennikov became laureates of the USSR State Prize.
It is noteworthy that in parallel there was also the State Prize of the RSFSR named afterStanislavsky. It was awarded exclusively for achievements in the field of theatrical art. This tradition lasted from 1966 to 1991. The very first laureates of the State Prize of the RSFSR were: actress Yulia Konstantinovna Borisova, actor Nikolai Konstantinovich Simonov and director Pavel Aleksandrovich Markov. In 1991, the award went to the cult theater director Leonid Efimovich Kheifits.
History
Laureates of the State Prize are awarded the corresponding honorary title depending on the field in which they received the award. They are also en titled to a monetary reward, a badge of honor, a diploma, a tailcoat badge.
The President of the Russian Federation presents the award in a solemn atmosphere on the Day of Russia, which is celebrated on June 12.
Initially, the prize was awarded to stimulate the achievements of scientific and technological progress. In the first year, 18 people received the title of laureate of the State Prize, and the next year 20 more. For each of them, 100 thousand rubles were paid. The funds were taken from the federal budget.
The selection and approval of candidates from the very beginning was carried out by a specially created committee on State Prizes, which was headed by the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuri Sergeevich Osipov. After considering the work of candidates, the members of the committee formulated a general decision, which was approved by decrees of the President of Russia.
Since 1996, in addition to the above awards, they began to award the title of laureate of the State Prize named after Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy KonstantinovichZhukov. It was received for achievements in the field of military science, the creation of military equipment and weapons, works of literature and art, which revealed the greatness of the national feat and outstanding domestic commanders. The assignment of this award was timed to the Victory Day - May 9.
Attributes of the laureate
In addition to the corresponding title, certain attributes are awarded to the laureates of the State Prize of the Russian Federation. They still exist today.
In particular, the badge of honor of the laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation is awarded. This is a medal made on the model of the earlier medal of the laureate of the USSR State Prize. The bar of the lapel of the laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation is painted in the colors of the Russian flag.
Benefits
Laureates are provided with appropriate benefits. Specifically, they are:
- completely exempt from paying utility bills;
- get the right to free treatment with the provision of all necessary medicines;
- are exempt from housing payments in any form;
- can visit sanatoriums and dispensaries on free vouchers;
- if necessary, improve your living conditions;
- when building a house, they receive building materials for free;
- free use of public transport;
- in residential premises are en titled to free installation of security systems.
Also, an additional payment to the pension of the laureates of the State Prize is due. It is paid in accordance withfederal law No. 21, according to which this category of citizens is en titled to monthly additional material support. It is appointed and paid by the body that pays and assigns the corresponding pension. Its size is 330% of the social pension. By the way, if a citizen has the right to additional material support for several reasons, the DMO is established only for one of them, which provides for the maximum amount.
Given that the size of the social pension in 2018 is 5,240 rubles, we can calculate how the pension of the State Prize winners increases. Thus, the amount of the allowance is 17,292 rubles.
Currently, several hundred people have already become laureates of the State Prize of the Russian Federation. About some public figures awarded this award, we will describe in detail in this article. These are the writers Daniil Alexandrovich Granin and Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, the programmer Evgeny Valentinovich Kaspersky, the virtuoso pianist Denis Leonidovich Matsuev, the statesman and politician Evgeny Primakov, the sculptor Dmitry Mikhailovich Shakhovskoy.
Daniil Granin
The writer Daniil Granin received the medal of the laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation twice - in 2001 and 2016. This is a famous domestic prose writer, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, who was born in 1919 on the territory of the Kursk province.
Shortly before the start of the Great Patriotic War, he was admitted tocommunist party. Already in July 1941, he joined the militia of the Leningrad Rifle Division.
He made his debut in literature back in 1937 in the magazine "Cutter" with the stories "Motherland" and "The Return of Roullac", which were dedicated to the Paris Commune. After the war, he worked for Lenenergo for several years, not doing literature.
In 1949, Zvezda published his short story - "Second Option", which received many positive reviews from critics. Since 1950, Daniil Aleksandrovich began to deal exclusively with literature. At the same time, his first book "Dispute across the ocean" was published, followed by "Yaroslav Dombrovsky", collections of essays dedicated to the builders of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station "New Friends".
Granin's popularity was brought by the novel "Searchers", which was published in 1955. Since then, its main topic has been inventors and scientists, in particular, their civic and moral position in Soviet society. In particular, his famous novel "I'm going into a thunderstorm", which was later filmed, is devoted to this topic. Granin also wrote biographies of scientists: physicist Igor Kurchatov ("Choice of Target"), biologist Alexander Lyubishchev ("This Strange Life"), geneticist Nikolai Timofeev-Resovsky ("Zubr").
The "Siege Book" of 1979 became a landmark in his work. In it, based on documentary material, the writer talks about the heroic defense of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War. In recent years, when hebecame a laureate of the State Prize of Russia, he wrote memoirs called "Fads of my memory", "It was not quite like that", as well as the novels "Conspiracy", "My Lieutenant". Granin passed away in 2017 at the age of 98.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
In the 20th century, Solzhenitsyn became one of the most persecuted writers in his homeland, and at the same time one of the most popular domestic writers in the world. In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Born in Kislovodsk in 1918, he went against the system from childhood. At school, he was ridiculed for wearing a cross and refusing to join a pioneer organization. Only under the influence of the public in 1936 did the future writer become a member of the Komsomol. He became interested in literature in high school, even then dreaming of becoming a writer.
At the same time, he did not make literature his main speci alty, having entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Rostov University in 1936. With the outbreak of the war, he was not called up immediately, since initially he was considered limited fit. Only in March 1943, Alexander Solzhenitsyn was in the army, rose to the rank of captain. At the same time, despite a strict ban, he kept diaries, wrote many letters in which he spoke critically about Stalin. In February 1945, he was arrested, stripped of all military ranks, sentenced to eight years in labor camps, and after the end of the term to eternal exile.
Being rehabilitated afterexposure of Stalin's personality cult, began to be published again. In 1959, his story "Sch-854" was published about the fate of a simple Russian peasant in the camp. Later it became known as "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich".
His interest in the camp past displeased the authorities. After publishing abroad, he became a dissident. In 1974, after the release of his most famous novel, The Gulag Archipelago, he was arrested, stripped of Soviet citizenship and expelled from the country.
The writer returned to Russia in 1994, having flown to Magadan from the USA, where he had been living for the past few years. He was among the writers-laureates of the State Prize. Awarded in 2007 for achievements in humanitarian work.
Solzhenitsyn died in 2008 in Moscow at the age of 89.
Dmitry Shakhovsky
Sculptor Shakhovsky was born in Sergiev Posad in 1928. Having moved to Moscow in his youth, he lived in the capital all his life. He was educated at the School of Industrial Art, then at the Institute of Decorative and Applied Arts, and finally at the Higher Industrial Art School in Leningrad.
He was admitted to the Union of Artists of the USSR in 1955. The main thing in his work is decorative and monumental sculpture. Among his most famous works are metal doors with stained-glass windows in a puppet theater in Tashkent, a monument to Mandelstam in Moscow, a clock on the facade of the Obraztsov Puppet Theater, a wooden church of confessors and new martyrs in Butovo.
Badge of HonorLaureate of the State Prize received in 1995. Passed away in 2016 at the age of 88.
Yevgeny Primakov
This is a popular Soviet and Russian public and state political figure. Evgeny Maksimovich was born in Kyiv in 1929.
Started his career at the Institute of International Relations and World Economy, worked in the Middle East. He took up politics only during perestroika, first becoming a deputy of the Supreme Council.
In 1996, Primakov was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, began to pursue a fundamentally new policy, known today as the "Primakov Doctrine". He moved from Atlanticism to a multi-vector foreign policy, advocating continued relations with North America and Europe, but at the same time independent relations with China, other countries in the Middle East and South Asia.
In 1998, Primakov headed the Russian government, leaving the post in May 1999. He was dismissed by Boris Yeltsin after working for eight months. After that, he became a deputy of the State Duma, headed the "Fatherland - All Russia" faction, which was very powerful in the late 90s.
However, he soon left political activity, concentrating on his work as president of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry. He remained in this position until 2011.
Received the Badge of Honor of the Laureate of the State Prize in 2014. A year later, he died in Moscow at the age of 85.
Denis Matsuev
Among the winners of the State Prize there are many representatives of art. Among them is 43-year-old virtuoso pianist Denis Matsuev, who received this award in 2009.
Popularity came to him in 1998 after his triumph at the International Tchaikovsky Competition, when he was only 23 years old. By the beginning of the 21st century, he had become one of the most popular pianists in the world, combining in his work the traditions of the Russian piano school with innovative ideas.
Since 1995 he has been a soloist of the Moscow Philharmonic. Since 2004, he began to present his own subscription called "Soloist Denis Matsuev". Leading orchestras from our country and from abroad regularly perform with him.
In addition to creativity, he is engaged in active social activities. He is known for his desire to generate youth interest in music by promoting philharmonic art in the regions. To do this, pays a lot of attention to various charitable programs.
In recent years, he has been the art director of the Sergei Rachmaninoff Foundation. He himself manages projects and holds festivals, one of the largest remains "Stars on Baikal", which has been held annually since 2004. This is the Irkutsk music festival, which consists of 20 concerts, as well as a large number of creative meetings and master classes. Matsuev is its artistic director.
He is also the artistic director of the annual Crescendo forum of young Russian musicians, which is considered a festival of a new generation of the Russian performing school. Passes onterritory of the Pskov region. The festival was conceived by the Honored Art Worker of the Russian Federation David Smelyansky, who attracted many celebrities to cooperate.
Since 2012, Matsuev has been the Artistic Director of the First International Competition and Festival of Young Pianists.
Known for his work in the All-Russian charitable foundation "New Names". The Foundation has already brought up several generations of artists. Now continues to actively support young talents.
Eugene Kaspersky
In 2008, the Russian programmer Evgeny Kaspersky, who is considered one of the world's leading experts in cybersecurity, became the laureate of the State Prize in Science and Technology. He owns the Kaspersky Lab company, which deals with IT security around the world.
Kaspersky himself was born in Novorossiysk in 1965. After a successful victory at the Mathematical Olympiad, he was enrolled in a specialized school. In 1987, he graduated from the technical faculty of the Higher School of the KGB, where he studied cryptography, mathematics, computer technology, receiving the speci alty "engineer-mathematician".
He began his career at a research institute under the Soviet Ministry of Defense, where he became interested in computer viruses. It was in this institution in 1989 that he developed the first special utility that was designed to cure a computer from a virus.
First complete security IT productwas released in 1992. Two years later, he received international recognition, starting to promote his technologies abroad. In 1997, he decided to create his own company.
At his company, he led cybersecurity from its founding until 2007, when he concentrated on management work as CEO.
Today he is considered one of the world's leading specialists in the field of cybersecurity and protection of computers from viruses. In 2012, he was named one of the 100 thinkers of the year by the authoritative American magazine Foreign Policy.
In addition to the title of laureate of the State Prize, he has many other prestigious domestic and international awards. For example, in 2012 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Plymouth and was included in the list of the top 25 innovators of the year.
At various times, he received the "Symbol of Science" medal, the National Friendship Award of the People's Republic of China, the "Businessman of the Year" award of the American Chamber of Commerce in Russia.
