Kingisepp city: population, standard of living, social protection

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:55

The population of Kingisepp is 46,747 people. This is the administrative center located in the Leningrad region. It has had the status of a city since 1784. The settlement on this site was founded in the XIV century by the boyar Ivan Fedorovich.

History

The population of Kingisepp has remained stable in recent years. But the first settlement on this site appeared in 1348. Such data are contained in the Novgorod Chronicle. The city was originally called Yam. With the help of this settlement, Novgorodians strengthened their borders from the attacks of the Germans and Swedes. A stone wall with gates and towers was built here, which withstood the siege of both the Livonian Confederation and the Swedish troops. In the Livonian chronicles, you can find a description of this settlement called Nienslot, which means New Town, or New Castle.

In the 15th century, the settlement became not only a military, but also a trade and craft center in the north-west of Russia. In 1583, Russia nevertheless cedes the current Kingisepp to Sweden, and it is possible to return it after 12 years. In 1681, during another armed clash, walls and towers were blown up. ATIn 1700, Russian troops recapture the city at the very beginning of the Northern War. Then he passes to Prince Menshikov, and when he is sent into exile, he returns to the treasury.

At the beginning of the 18th century, the glass industry began to develop here, a textile factory appeared. In 1784, Yamburg officially became a county town. At the beginning of the 19th century, Yamburg turned out to be one of the poorest cities in the St. Petersburg province. The main income is obtained from renting out houses to the quartered military. It was military personnel who, before the revolution, made up a significant part of the population of Kingisepp. For example, in 1849, out of 2,100 residents, more than 60 percent were military.

XX century

During the Civil War for the city of Kingisepp, Soviet troops fight with the corps of the North-Western Army of the White Guards. In 1919, the Whites occupied Yamburg, but held it for only a few months. The settlement passes the Red Army, and when the White Guards beat it back again, the Bolsheviks set fire to the barracks during the retreat, which causes significant damage to all the buildings of Yamburg. The Red Army manages to finally occupy it in mid-November.

In May 1922, Yamburg was renamed Kingisepp in honor of the Estonian revolutionary who organized the revolutionary movement in his homeland. In 1918, the revolutionary worked underground in Estonia, led the Communist Party there, which was banned by the authorities. At the first congresses of the party he was elected a member of the Politburo, he created underground printing houses and published a local newspaper called"Communist". In 1922 he was arrested by the police. He was tortured, and then a court-martial was staged, as a result of which Viktor Kingisepp was shot. His corpse was drowned right in the B altic Sea.

During the war

During the Great Patriotic War, the city of Kingisepp was occupied already in August by the 41st Army Group "North". Throughout the war against the Nazis, partisan detachments operate in the vicinity, which conduct sabotage activities. The partisan detachments, concentrated in the vicinity of this city, regularly inflicted significant damage on the German detachments, helping the Red Army fight against the Nazi invaders.

Kingisepp is liberated only in February 1944. The city became free as a result of a large-scale Leningrad-Novgorod operation, which helped to liberate Leningrad after a long blockade, which became one of the most striking examples of people's masculinity and resilience during the war.

In 1963, industry began to actively develop in the city, a mining and processing plant called "Phosphorite" appeared, which began mass production of phosphate rock. Over time, it becomes a city-forming enterprise for the city. In 1984, the city was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, for the steadfastness and courage shown during the years of confrontation.

In the history of modern Russia, the borders of Kingisepp expanded due to the annexation of the villages of Kaskolovka and Lesobirzha to it in 2001, andalso villages New Lutsk.

Number dynamics

The first official data on the population of Kingisepp date back to 1856. At this time, a little more than two thousand people live here. In 1885, the population of Kingisepp exceeded three thousand inhabitants, by the end of the century it increased to 4,5 thousand, but during revolutions and the Civil War it decreased. In 1920, a little over three thousand people remained here.

The next tangible population decline the city is experiencing after the Great Patriotic War. If in 1939 almost 8 thousand people lived here, by 1945 there were a little more than 2.5 thousand.

With the development of industry, the city grows, not only houses and factories are being built, but also residential buildings for workers. In 1970, more than 17 thousand inhabitants were recorded here, and by 1979 - almost 39 thousand.

The population of Kingisepp continues to grow at a rapid pace, reaching 50,000 in 1990. During the 1990s, no significant decline was observed. But due to the fact that young people tend to leave for larger and more successful cities, primarily in St. Petersburg, since the 2000s, the population has been constantly falling. True, at a slow pace. At the moment, 46,747 people live in the city.

The population density of Kingisepp is just over a thousand people per square kilometer.

Unemployment rate

At the moment, the unemployment rate in Kingisepp remains one of the lowest in the Leningrad region. Heis only 0.4%. According to officials, the employment center of Kingisepp has a certain merit in this. Anyone can find a job here. The center itself is located at: Vostochnaya street, 6B.

There are a large number of programs in the field of social protection of the population. Kingisepp has a very high average salary. In addition, over the past year it has grown by more than 14 percent and now equals 52,244 rubles.

How do the Kingiseppians live?

The standard of living in Kingisepp is quite high, especially when compared not only with the Leningrad region, but also with the rest of Russia. On average, salaries here are one and a half times higher than in neighboring regions, even if regional centers are taken into account. In fairness, it should be noted that food prices in Kingisepp are quite high compared to other regions. They are closer to St. Petersburg, so the residents of the city themselves do not particularly feel their high incomes.

Climate

The city is located in the southwestern part of the Leningrad region, directly on the Luga River. From St. Petersburg is relatively close - about 130 kilometers. Therefore, a large part of the inhabitants of Kingisepp manages to find work in the Northern capital and every day overcomes this distance in two directions.

The climate is quite moderate, the average annual temperature is about 5.5 degrees. The wind speed is low - on average about 2-2.5 meters per second. The absolute maximum is observed inAugust, when the air warms up to plus 35 degrees, and the absolute temperature minimum is recorded in January and December, when it can be up to minus 40. At the same time, the average temperature in summer is 16-18 degrees, and in winter - minus 5-6.

Economy and industry

There are relatively few industrial enterprises in Kingisepp, but they are so large and significant for such a small city that they can be considered city-forming. Firstly, these are the Phosphorite plant, which produces mineral fertilizers, as well as the Alekseevsky Lime Plant and a company engaged in fixed formwork.

Urban Architecture

The fortress of the second half of the 18th century is of particular architectural value in Kingisepp. True, very little of it remained, only the remains of several walls and high ramparts survived.

According to the plan developed back in the 18th century, or to be precise - in the 1780s, the city received a regular layout. Two buildings have survived to this day on the trading square, which has the shape of an octagon. The creation of its project is attributed to the famous Italian architect, who worked in Russia for a long time, Antonio Rinaldi. These buildings were built in 1835. The building of the arena, created in 1836, is also of interest.

The main religious building of the city is the five-domed Catherine's Cathedral, which was decided to be built after the wooden fortress cathedral burned down in 1760Saint Archangel Michael. The construction of a new Orthodox church began by decree of Empress Elizabeth on the central square of Yamburg in the very center of the city. The original project was created by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, and finalized and implemented by Rinaldi. The cathedral was built in a transitional style, here you can find elements of baroque and classicism, which is typical for the projects of these architects.

An interesting plan of the cathedral, which is an equilateral cross, the ends of which are rounded, is crowned by a bell tower built on several tiers. At the same time, the toponymy of the city still has a Soviet character. Not so long ago, residents were offered to rename the city from Kingisepp back to Yamburg, but the majority reacted negatively to this proposal.