Translation of clock hands seems to us an established tradition, although these actions began to be performed for the first time not so long ago. In some countries, discussions have been going on for many years about the importance of switching arrows. And all because time plays a key role in the modern, and not only, world. Changing the clock allows you to effectively use the morning hours.
Benjamin Franklin is the founder of the transition
In April 1784, Benjamin Franklin arrived in France as an American envoy and decided to publish a letter proposing that Parisians should use the sunlight in the morning and thereby save on candles.
This literary satirical creation suggested that a tax on the use of window shutters should be introduced, and residents should be woken up by firing cannons and ringing bells at dawn. Franklin argued that during the period from March to September, candles are not needed at all, and this action will save on this and save money in a decent amount.
George Vernon Hudson's modern system
In 1895Hudson was the first to propose the unique Daylight Savings Time system. While collecting insects, he realized the value of daylight. In 1895, George Hudson proposed a two-hour offset for the qualitative use of the day half of the day, about which he wrote an article in the Wellington Philosophical Society. Hudson's article was published in 1898, and in Christchurch it aroused considerable public interest.
William Willett and summertime
Some publications attributed the discovery of summer time to the English builder William Willet, who was very fond of spending hours outdoors. He often thought about the possibility of setting the clock hands for the summer period. In 1905, during his stay in London, he noticed that the sun had already risen high, and the inhabitants of the city continued to sleep peacefully and lose precious life time. In 1907, an article appeared in the newspaper with the headline "On Wasting Daylight", in which Willett suggested that the arrows be moved forward. He promoted his claim in the UK in vain until his death.
First transfers in the world
For the first time, Germany introduced the transfer, and it happened during the First World War. In April 1916, the Germans moved the clock hands forward one hour, and on October 1 they moved them back an hour. After a certain period, the UK also changed the time.
March 19, 1918 in the United States of America introduced the division into time zones and made the transition to the summer period. This decision was made forsave coal, which was used to generate electricity.
From this it follows that even 100 years ago, Western countries began to use daylight saving time, it happened in a war and was dictated by the needs of a difficult period for mankind. The result of the clock change was a significant savings in the resources needed to generate electricity.
How was it in the Russian Empire?
In the Russian Empire, at first, they did not respond to Western innovations with the translation of the clock. But already in July 1917, the Provisional Government nevertheless adopted the change of clocks to seasonal time. But the solution did not become durable due to the rapid change of political views during the war period. After the October Revolution at the end of December 1917, the Council of Commissars of the RSFSR decided to turn the clock back one hour.
Time change in the USSR
For a long time in the USSR they did not return to the question of the seasonal translation of the hands on the clock. The Soviet People's Committee adopted a decree dated June 1930, and the time was moved forward by one hour. The country began to live according to decrees, ahead of the daily cycle by 1 hour.
The clocks were switched to daylight saving time in 1981, but already in relation to the time established by the decree of 1930. And then it began to overtake the belt by two hours. The date of the clock change has changed several times, but since 1984 it has been determined that the clock will be switched to summer time on the last Sunday of the first month of spring, and to winter time on the last Sunday of October.
The Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR in 1991 decided to cancel the decrees of 1930, but left the change in seasonal time. And in 1992, it was again decided to return the decrees.
Seasonal time in modern Russia
Daylight saving time in Russia caused a lot of complaints. Most residents of the Russian Federation complained of feeling unwell. Doctors after many studies announced a new disease - desynchronosis, which was associated with the seasonal translation of the clock hands.
Since the fall of 2011, the Russian Federation has announced a decision to cancel the transition to the winter period.
After that, in the spring, the Russians switched to summer time, and in the fall, the clock hands were not switched. In 2011, the Law “On Calculus” was also issued, which determined the calculation of time in the Russian Federation in the legal field. In the document, time zones have been replaced by time zones. The government established the composition of the territories that formed the time zone, as well as the order of time calculation. In 2011, on August 31, the Cabinet of Ministers adopted a resolution that established (UTC + 4 hours) Moscow time and canceled the seasonal switch in Russia.
In 2014, on January 20, Sergei Kalashnikov submitted a bill to the chamber for the return of the winter transition, which, in his opinion, would bring the regions of Russia as close as possible to astronomical time. To approximate the time zones of coordinated world time, the draft law provided for the establishment of 10 time zones, taking into account the highest UTC. Due toit was decided to ban the seasonal translation of the clock.
Today the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic, Chukotka live according to astronomical time. The remaining 22 subjects of Russia are two hours ahead of the standard time, 54 subjects are one hour ahead.
Currently, there is no time change in Russia.
What if you do not translate the arrows?
Nothing critical will happen if you do not translate the arrows at all in accordance with the season. A person has thousands of different reasons for getting up early. When the arrows are moved back an hour, this action is not a big violation for the body, but when the opposite is true, the body is subject to stress and disease.
According to doctors, the human body has circadian rhythms. Therefore, the body is subject to certain fluctuations: hormone emissions, changes in pulse, blood pressure, mental, physical activity. These circadian rhythms depend on the changing time of day. During the day, a person is active, and at night he wants to sleep. Of course, there are people who have disrupted these circadian rhythms, but the bulk of the population lives exactly according to the cycles.
Statistics show that with the transfer of hands to daylight saving time, the number of visits to doctors with hypertensive crises, heart attacks and other diseases is increasing.
Of course, the spring period is characterized by an increase in he alth problems, especially cardiological ones, regardless of the translated hands of the clock. Let's take a look at some tips to help youthe body to adjust to the seasonal change of time:
- go to bed on time;
- should reduce coffee and alcohol consumption;
- on the weekends, stick to the usual daily routine;
- to avoid problems with sleep, do not overeat heavy meals at night, but rather just drink a cup of mint tea.
You must always take care of your he alth, regardless of the time change and the change of seasons.
