It is incredibly difficult to overestimate the artistic value of Russian oral folk art. Rhymes and jokes are referred by researchers to the poetry of nurturing. It also includes lullabies. In our article we will talk about the forms of oral folk art that are used for the development of the child. After all, nursery rhymes and jokes were created by adults for kids.
Small genres of folklore
Everyone knows that the word has great magical power. Many nations treated him with respect. The roots of folklore works lie in the pagan past. Most of the fairy tales, songs, nursery rhymes and jokes originally had a ritual meaning. Playing with the child, the mother tried to protect him from the effects of various negative forces, such as illness, death.
Gradually, folklore works lost their ritual significance and began to be used for the development of children. There is nothing surprising. The light style of narration, an entertaining plot and a small volume make small genres of folklore very accessible to children's perception. Different works are used depending on the age group of the child. Rhymes and jokes have different purposes. The very first works that a child meets are jokes. In my own waycontent they are more complex than nursery rhymes.
What are jokes? These are short stories for children. If nursery rhymes are of practical importance, then jokes have nothing to do with the game. They have a small plot, which in its content resembles a fairy tale in poetic form. An event is at the center of the story. The rapid development of the storyline attracts the attention of the baby. In addition, the special rhythm of this genre contains paired rhymes, as well as repetitions of phrases and elements of onomatopoeia.
The use of jokes is very helpful for young children. They allow you to develop phonemic hearing, which is very important for proper speech development. In addition, they expand fantasy, imagination and give the first idea about the world around.
Jokes as a small genre of folklore
Despite the fact that all children's sayings in rhymes are very similar in their content, they can be divided into several forms. For example, fables-shifters. Unlike other types of folklore, which are intended to entertain young children, these are poems in song form. The plot of such works differs from jokes in that it reflects events from real life.
It should be noted that small forms of folklore had a great impact on the formation of children's literature. However, folklorists have their own point of view on what jokes are and what their role is. This is due to the fact that they were not usedonly for the development of children. Folk jokes were also created for entertainment holidays.
Modern pedagogy makes extensive use of children's folklore. In jokes and nursery rhymes there is a great potential for the development of the child. It is no secret that even in infancy, the baby on a subconscious level learns language norms. If parents, communicating with him, use nursery rhymes and jokes, then they involuntarily contribute to the development of speech.
The use of small genres of folklore in elementary school helps to increase the child's interest in reading. In the lower grades, teachers purposefully use jokes. Grade 2 of the educational program studies these genres, getting acquainted with works of literature in an entertaining way.
The use of jokes in literature
Not all jokes that we know today are of folklore origin. Many of them came into our everyday life from works of literature. Very interesting in this respect are those written for children by Leo Tolstoy. Most of the jokes that he uses in fairy tales and stories belong to him. But the plot and the form of presentation are borrowed from folklore. What are jokes in Tolstoy's fairy tales? These are sayings that are used as an introduction to the main narrative of a fairy tale. Unlike the classic joke, there is a narrative form here. Very often it is not connected with the storyline of the fairy tale.
Jokes are also used in literature. The main characters of such humorous rhymes arenot only people, but also animals and birds.
Holiday jokes
As already mentioned, this genre is not only for children. Very often it can be found in some rituals that are held on various holidays. For example, at a wedding or Maslenitsa. What are jokes at such events? This is a great way to cheer up the gathered people with various funny rhymes. In the plot of the joke, there is always such a bright detail that will attract the attention of everyone and cause a smile. Similar holiday rhymes are taught to children at school. During various events, they use these jokes. Grade 2 and older children can surprise their parents with such knowledge of folklore during their school performances.
Rhymes
This genre has similarities with jokes. But he is more playful. Therefore, nursery rhymes, as a rule, are used for children as entertainment, as well as jokes and jokes. They are used by both mothers at home and teachers during various classes in kindergarten and elementary grades. They attract the attention of children, amuse them and at the same time teach and develop. They also play the role of a distraction when the child eats and bathes, especially when adults pronounce them expressively and with artistry.
Using nursery rhymes in elementary grades
Genres of small folklore are often used in school classes in the Russian language, literature and culture. In the lower grades, teachers actively use nursery rhymes and jokes in the classroom. 2class and older students through the educational program learn about these genres of folklore almost from the beginning of schooling. Children memorize popular nursery rhymes and jokes, thereby training their memory, enriching their speech with new expressions, and becoming more erudite.
