Military engineering equipment: types of weapons, description with photo, purpose and development

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:42

The category of military engineering equipment includes a number of specialized weapons, including units of active confrontation, mobile transport mechanisms for operation and repair, electrical modifications of the combined arms direction. These units are focused on fulfilling the tasks of the engineering course during reconnaissance, combat or defense support. The vehicles are in service with units of engineering battalions and a number of other military units.

Purpose

The main task of military engineering equipment is to conduct reconnaissance to study enemy targets and the surrounding area. The most difficult stage is the detection of engineering obstacles. Transport of this destination makes it possible to determine the passage of the relief, the category of water barriers, the degree of blockages, deformations. In addition, based on the data obtained, they calculate the bypass and masking of these obstacles.

IRM-2

This unit of military engineeringRussian technology is intended for reconnaissance operations and determining the ways of moving troops with the possibility of crossing water obstacles. Stationary and mobile reconnaissance devices are installed on this vehicle, which make it possible to obtain information about the number of enemy units being moved, the presence of mines and other obstacles, as well as the level of contamination of the territory.

Regarding water obstacles, information is given in the following format:

• width and depth parameters;
• current intensity;
• presence of navigation oppositions;
• data on the technological capabilities of existing bridges.

The speed for reconnaissance operations is 10 km/h, the detection of explosive and minefields - 5 km/h, the determination of the characteristics of water obstacles up to 100 meters wide - about five minutes.

The design of the IRM-2 vehicle was developed on an armored track basis using components and parts of the BMP-1. The power unit UTD-20 is a six-cylinder diesel engine with a power of 220 kW, which guarantees a high rate of maneuverability of the equipment. The speed parameter on land is 50 km / h, on water - 10-12 km / h.

Stationary fixtures

The category of static devices of military engineering equipment includes a mine detector with a wide grip (RShM-2). It is focused on searching for anti-tank and anti-personnel mines with a metal case. Munitions are being detected both on land and on water.

One morestationary type device - reconnaissance echo sounder (ER). The device is used to fix the bottom profile and other features of the liquid barrier, the degree of soil density and finding navigational obstructions, followed by fixation on electrothermal paper. Depth gauges range from 0.5 to 20 meters.

Portable devices

Portable units of military engineering equipment of the USSR and Russia include PAB-2AM (compass equipment), mine detectors of the RVM and IMP types, a standard reconnaissance periscope. This category includes:

• rangefinder sapper action DSP-30;
• mechanical configuration penetrometer RP-1;
• Adaptation for studying KRM bridges;
• KR-O demining kit;
• ruler-icemeter.

The IRM machine is equipped with various mechanisms that allow you to observe the area day and night with simultaneous orientation. They include:

• retractable panoramic periscope type PIR-451;
• night tracking device TVN-2BM;
• determiner of the slope angle "attitude horizon" AGI-S;
• personal surveillance devices TNPO;
• TNA-3 tank navigators;
• TDA complex defense and camouflage system, water pump.
• communication devices;
• weapon - PKG course machine gun mount.

KRV kit

Soviet military engineering equipment includes aerographic and aerovisual reconnaissance systems in its list. Thanks to this device, liquid barriers are detected by moving units, mines and other obstacles, including ground processing of intelligence data and quality control of camouflage of combat units.

Modifications of KRV are transported on a body van of the 131st ZIL. The kit includes a camera, binoculars, an optical sight, an anti-aircraft tube, a voice recorder and a commander's refueling complex. Air reconnaissance on the MI-8 is carried out using AFA and FS aerial cameras. The use of this unit of military engineering equipment allows for planned shooting at speeds up to 170-180 km/h. The depth of the check is up to 15 kilometers when the aircraft is 2-5 km away from the forefront of events.

Knife trawls

Military engineering equipment, the photo of which is given below, refers to standard knife trawls of the KMT type. The machines work on the principle of digging devices, structurally made in the form of a blade with cutting parts of the cutting configuration.

Track-roller modifications are equipped with knife and special compartments. Under their weight, anti-tank pressure mine fuses are activated. Electromagnetic sweeping devices (EMT) can be mounted on tanks with any type of attachment.

UR-77

The military equipment of the engineering troops in this design is focused on making tunnels through minefields in an explosive way. The base is a multi-profile tractor on MTL tracks. The technique guarantees the supply of a charge at 200-500 meters, as a result, a"clearing" 6 m wide and 90 m deep. Machine weight - 15.5 tons, speed indicators - 60/5 km / h (on land / in water).

The following are the norms of labor intensity and repair of engineering military equipment of the MVZ type:

1. Remote mining makes it difficult for the enemy to detect ammunition.
2. Devices for mechanized mine laying are divided into several groups (ground minelayers, helicopter equipment, remote mining systems such as VSM and ASM).

Crawler mine layer

Among the abandoned engineering military equipment of the Soviet Union, there is such a representative as GMZ-3, which was intended for the mechanized layout of anti-tank mines of the TM configuration, equipped with contact and non-contact types of fuses.

The vehicle was equipped with equipment for monitoring minefields, armor protection and a PKT machine gun. As a power unit, a diesel engine with 12 cylinders with a capacity of 520 horsepower was used. The weight of the unit is 28.5 tons, the speed when installing mines in the ground / on the surface is 10/16 km / h. Crew - three people.

Universal minelayer and earthmoving equipment

UMZ guarantees mining through a single ammunition load on a single-lane line up to 5.5 thousand meters, while the depth of field is 15-25 meters. The speed limit of this vehicle is from 10 to 40 km/h. Road and earth-moving equipment includes units for maintaining tracks and movingcombat units, as well as the destruction of various kinds of obstacles. This includes excavation and other soil-working machines.

Trench and pit units

Wheeled TMKs and tracked ATMs are used to excavate trenches using a rotary working element. It allows you to work out the soil to a depth of up to 1.5 meters, and the outline can be straight or curved. The dump is carried out in two directions, the parameter of the finished trench in width is 0.5/1.1 meters (along the bottom / top). Some modifications are equipped with bulldozer mechanisms that serve to fill in funnels, ditches, tear off trenches.

Ditched engineering equipment is focused on the development of places for fortifications, special shelters for combat and auxiliary units. The standard design of the machines in question consists of a truck tractor, a milling working body, and additional equipment. For example, the MDK-3 machine is equipped with a ripper, which makes it possible to process frozen and hard soil to a depth of 30 centimeters.

Other military engineering equipment

Earth-moving machine PZM-2 is used for making trench and pit structures. The working mechanisms are based on a wheeled tractor with a rotary thrower, a traction winch and a bulldozer blade. This category also includes army excavators designed for loading and earthmoving operations when equipping military positions and command posts.

Design of military excavator:

• base chassis in the form of an off-road vehicle;
• frame-tying with outriggers;
• power unit;
• excavator attachments;
• platform swivel type;
• hydraulic drive;
• hook suspension;
• backhoe.

BAT configuration track-layers are intended for maintenance and preparation of routes for maneuvers and movement of military units. These machines, along with the universal analogues of UDM and BKT, are also focused on arranging exits from bridges, crossings, overcoming ravines and other soil obstacles.

Forklifts and logistics

The list of military engineering equipment includes truck cranes and loaders. They are mounted on tractors such as "Ural-4320", KamAZ-4310. The standard boom reach is 5.5 meters with a lifting capacity of 1.5 tons. Maintenance and repair units are aimed at maintaining military equipment in working condition and its prompt repair. Representatives - MRIV and MTO (repair workshops for engineering weapons and equipment).