Russia is a country with huge territories. It has a serious impact on the global economic and political situation. In the world, Russia is associated with forests, cold, snow and bears. However, the Russian Federation is called a European state, although 2/3 of the entire territory is located in Asia.
Russia is washed by 12 seas, its territory covers 11 time zones. The climate is varied, in Yakutia in winter it can be -55 degrees, and in Sochi in summer +50.
General characteristics of the administrative structure
The administrative and territorial structure of the country is determined by the Constitution. In Russia, the main law was adopted on December 12, 1993, it defines that it is a democratic republic, which includes 85 units of equal subjects. For 24 years, a number of changes have been made, as a result, the Russian Federation includes:
Territorial unit |
Number |
| Republics | 22 |
| Edges | 9 |
| Federal cities | 3 |
| Autonomous Regions | 1 |
| Autonomous Regions | 4 |
| Regions | 46 |
Distinctive features of the area
Unlike the republics, the regions of the Russian Federation do not have their own constitutions, local laws and their own language. Just like the republics, the regions do not have sovereignty. Regions cannot be part of other administrative units of the country, but may be combined with others (merger). In fact, the region and the region have an equivalent legal status, which is determined by the main law of the country and the charter adopted at the local level.
All regions of the Russian Federation are formed on a territorial basis and do not have a pronounced nationality, unlike the republics. They are included in certain districts, of which there are currently 8.
Central
The district was formed in 2000, it does not have republics in its composition, but only cities of federal significance and regions of the Russian Federation (Lipetsk, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Oryol, Tambov and others, 18 in total). The capital is the city of Moscow. The district is the largest among all, but does not have its own access to the world's oceans and seas.
The Moscow region of the Russian Federation is unofficially called the Moscow region, without a formed administrative center. It is part of the Central Federal District. In its modern form, the Moscow region of the Russian Federation was formed in January 1929, the predecessor was the Moscow province. Despite the fact that the city of Moscow is a separate entityRussian Federation, most of the state bodies of the Moscow region are located in the capital.
An interesting fact is that the area occupies more than 44 thousand kilometers, that is, in fact, you can put a small European state here, for example, Denmark, which occupies only 43 thousand kilometers. The number of inhabitants in the Moscow region is 7.4 million, according to statistics at the beginning of this year, and this figure is almost equal to the population of Bulgaria (7.1 million).
Northwestern
This district occupies 10% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation, the inhabitants are 1.6 million. As part of this district on the territory of the Russian Federation regions: Leningrad, Arkhangelsk, Pskov, Murmansk, Vologda, Novgorod, Kaliningrad. The district also includes the city of federal significance - St. Petersburg, which is considered the center, as well as the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Karelia and Komi.
An interesting fact is that it was in the Leningrad region that diamond pipes were found, but due to the peculiarities of the local climate, industrial mining is impossible. Here is the village of Komarovo, which became famous thanks to the popular song of Igor Sklyar.
On the territory of the region there is a reserve "Lindulovskaya larch grove", protected by UNESCO. It is known not only for its huge trees, but also for its gigantic anthill, reaching a height of 180 cm.
Southern
To date, it has 8 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In 2016, theThe district included the Crimean Republic and the federal city of Sevastopol.
The district has the following regions of the Russian Federation:
- Astrakhan;
- Rostov;
- Volgograd.
Also in the composition - the Republic of Kalmykia, Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory. The administrative center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
The writer Anton Chekhov was born in the Rostov region, in the city of Taganrog. In Rostov-on-Don, there are Horizontal and Vertical streets, but they do not intersect, but run parallel to each other. The city of Shakhty even got into the Guinness Book of Records, and this is due to the fact that many Olympic champions were born here.
North Caucasian
The region occupies only 1% of the total area of the entire territory of the country, with the administrative center in the city of Pyatigorsk. The district includes the following republics:
- Dagestan;
- Ingushetia;
- Kabardino-Balkarian;
- Karachay-Cherkess;
- North Ossetia-Alania;
- Chechnya.
Stavropol Territory is included in the district.
Privolzhsky
The main thing is not to confuse the district and the Volga region, these are two completely different concepts, and the regions are located in different parts of the country. The territory of the district does not have its own access to the oceans, it occupies 6.06% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation. The main part of the population lives in the city - 72%. The center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
There are 7 regions in the region(Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Orenburg, Samara, Saratov and Ulyanovsk). In the district there is 1 region - Perm - and 5 republics:
- Mari El;
- Mordovia;
- Tatarstan;
- Udmurt;
- Chuvash.
Interestingly, Nizhny Novgorod itself until 1991 was considered a closed city, foreigners were not allowed into it. The city was the birthplace of Maxim Gorky, after whom it was renamed in 1932, but the historical name was returned in 1990. And in the city of Dzerzhinsk, the great-great-grandniece of Lieutenant Rzhevsky lives, her name is Kaleria Orekhova-Rzhevskaya. In the village of Criusha there is an old windmill that leans more than the Leaning Tower of Pisa (only 5 degrees, while the 150-year-old mill has 12).
Ural
The legislation of the Russian Federation does not provide for republics in the region, however, the region includes two autonomous districts - YNAO and KhMAO. The central city of the district is Yekaterinburg.
In addition to the two AOs, the region includes several regions:
- Sverdlovsk;
- Tyumen;
- Chelyabinsk.
What is the Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation? In the field of security, during the Second World War, there was a strategically important facility in Sverdlovsk. 200 factories from all over the country were evacuated to this region. In 1941, all the treasures of the Hermitage were transferred here. In August of the same year, Yuri Levitan moved to Sverdlovsk, it is believed that he broadcast from here aboutsituation at the front.
Siberian
In terms of territory, it is second only to the Far Eastern District. It occupies 30.04%, the administrative center is Novosibirsk. Despite the large area it occupies, only 19.326 million people live in the county. There are 4 republics in the region: Altai, Khakassia, Buryatia and Tyva. Three regions - Trans-Baikal, Altai and Krasnoyarsk, as well as 5 regions:
- Tomskaya;
- Kemerovo;
- Omskaya;
- Novosibirsk;
- Irkutsk.
Due to pendulum migration, the population of the Novosibirsk region is increasing every day by 100 thousand people. Near the village of Orlovka in 1928, a stone meteorite was dug, which weighed 4.5 kilograms.
Far East
The largest district in the Russian Federation on a territorial basis, almost all of its subjects have access to the sea, except for the Jewish and Amur regions. And the Sakhalin region has no land borders with other territorial units of Russia.
Another interesting fact: the district has maritime borders with the United States and Japan, and land borders with North Korea. In the region, the only autonomous region in the whole country is Jewish. The administrative center is Khabarovsk.
Besides the Jewish Autonomous Region, in the district:
Region |
Edge |
Republic |
Autonomous Okrug |
| Amurskaya | Kamchatsky | Sakha (Yakutia) | Chukchi |
| Magadanskaya | Seaside | ||
| Sakhalinskaya | Khabarovsk |
In relation to the Jewish region, the policy of the Russian Federation is such that only this region was given the status of autonomy. As of 2010, only 1% of Jews live in the region. The main outflow of Jews occurred in 1996 and 1998. It was during that period that most of the population left the region, moving to Israel. For example, in 1939, 16.2% of the population were Jews. Until now, most of the city's signs are made in two languages - Russian and Yiddish.
