Antarctic and Arctic researcher, Soviet scientist, specialist in oceanology Artur Chilingarov became the first vice-president of the Geographical Society and the president of the State Polar Academy. He is also a doctor of science and professor, a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 2006, and a Hero of the Soviet Union since 1986. Russia also awarded the researcher with the title of Hero of the Russian Federation in 2008. Artur Chilingarov received the USSR State Prize in 1981 for expeditions to the Pole. He is also a distinguished meteorologist of the country. Political activity also did not bypass Artur Chilingarov. He worked in the State Duma for almost ten years, starting in 1993, was a member of the Federation Council from 2011 to 2014. Now he works in the bureau of the Supreme Council of United Russia. There is hardly a person in the country who does not know who Artur Chilingarov is.
Biography
Before the warthe future explorer of the Arctic and Antarctic was born in 1939. In a city that went through incredible hardships and became a hero city - Leningrad. Arthur Chilingarov, at the age of two, found himself, along with the rest of the Leningraders, in the blockade. The little boy was one of the few who managed to survive these terrible nine hundred days. The boy's mother is Russian and his father is Armenian. Thus began his biography. Arthur Chilingarov by nationality, therefore, is half Armenian, and he was apparently drawn to the Caucasus by the call of blood, like his father, so the whole family lived for some time in Ordzhonikidze (now Vladikavkaz). North Ossetia remained in my memory for a lifetime, but our hero was really interested in traveling, especially to the North. Therefore, after graduation, the student period began, and Arthur Chilingarov's biography was replenished with information about his studies at the Leningrad Higher Marine Engineering School (now the Admiral Makarov Naval Academy). He decided to become an oceanologist. And he did, graduating from this glorious educational institution in 1963.
Then work began. Maybe the nationality made itself felt - the biography of Artur Chilingarov did not show career growth for many years, the positions were all the time ordinary. But what interesting ones! Apparently, the scientist himself did not want to part with this work. He was a researcher at the Research Institute of the Arctic and Antarctic, worked in the laboratory as a hydrological engineer in Tiksi, explored the mouth of the Lena River, the oceanic atmosphere and the ocean itself - the Arctic Ocean. However, his initiative, great organizational skills and ability to make friends with people werenoticed, marked and taken on a pencil. At the very beginning of the seventies, his career began to grow. The system of the country's State Committee for Hydrometeorology led him through all the steps of the career ladder: from the position of a small boss in Amderma to work as deputy chairman of the committee. Artur Chilingarov did not join the Communist Party in his youth, but in 1965 he was the first and only non-party secretary of the Komsomol district committee in Yakutia in 1965.
Pole by pole
In 1969, a two-year scientific expedition took place at high latitudes "North-21", and Artur Nikolaevich Chilingarov headed it. Photos of his northern campaigns are numerous and eloquent. Over time, his children, both son and daughter, visited these fabulous places. Almost the whole family fell in love with the beauty of the polar latitudes. The biography of Arthur Chilingarov indicates Armenian nationality, and the children received this hot blood as a gift from their father, which the north is not afraid of.
His wife Tatyana Alexandrovna looks like Snow White - a natural blonde, white-skinned, light-eyed. Children are also beautiful, but all in the father - swarthy and temperamental. But children will appear much later, when both poles have already been conquered. Until 1972, the expedition lasted, the results of which substantiated the possibility of using the Northern Sea Route year-round and throughout its entire length. This was followed by a trip to the Antarctic, where he was to work at the Bellingshausen station as the head of the seventeenth Sovietexpeditions to Antarctica.
Children
In 1974, Artur Nikolaevich Chilingarov had a son, Nikolai Arturovich Chilingarov, and it was necessary to educate him. And therefore, until 1979, the young father served as the head of the Amderma department and was engaged in hydrometeorology and environmental control. Further, his career quickly took off: the management of personnel, educational institutions in the collegium of the USSR State Committee in this speci alty, which will bring him the title of "Honored Meteorologist of the Russian Federation" over time. In 1982, Arthur Chilingarov's daughter Ksenia was born, who saw her father in early childhood much less often than her son.
Because the expeditions began again, one more wonderful, one more necessary than the other, including the leader on the nuclear-powered ship "Sibir" to the North Pole itself, and then there was a transcontinental flight to Antarctica. What a joy for the girl were the visits of her father with stories about polar bears, then about funny penguins! The famous explorer of the Arctic and Antarctic Artur Chilingarov's daughter Xenia was truly happy. So she grew up under the mighty shadow of her father's glory. She graduated from school not an excellent student, but she nevertheless entered MGIMO. Affected character.
Government work
In 1999, an ultra-long flight took place on a Mi-26 helicopter to the central regions of the Arctic Ocean, where Chilingarov carried out many studies, and at the same time, rotorcraft showed their real capabilities. In 2001 he was a curator at an internationalconference on the problems of the Arctic, in Brussels. The European Union, Russia, USA, Canada participated in it. And it was Artur Chilingarov who represented the interests of the country there. The photo shows a powerful, hardened man with a bushy and thick (and probably warm in the regions of the North and South Poles) beard, who in 2002 was supposed to lead the flight of an An-3T light single-engine aircraft to the pole. But this venture was not successful. The plane was brought to Antarctica disassembled, delivered in parts on a large Il-76 aircraft. They wanted to show that it is possible to use light equipment in the ice of Antarctica, but that was not the case.
Russia at that moment was noticeably curtailing its presence on this mainland, and it was not possible to reverse this process. An-3T was assembled, but the engine did not start: the air was rarefied and too cold. So this machine remained at the South Pole for several years. Then it was repaired, it started up and under its own power went to the coast. But the expedition still took place: the Americans helped out. The family of Artur Nikolaevich Chilingarov again began to see the head of the family extremely rarely. He organized excursions to the North Pole, tried to interest the public in the study and development of these territories. Many and completely different people were interested in extreme tourism, some landed on the glacier right with their children.
Influence
It was Chilingarov who influenced the events that resulted in the opening of the long-term drifting station Sp-32. At the same time, it must be remembered thatIn 1991, all programs for the study of the Arctic were curtailed. In 2007, two of the brightest expeditions to the North Pole took place. The head of the FSB, Nikolai Patrushev, flew with Artur Chilingarov in a helicopter. On the spot, they landed and in August sank with a group of researchers to the ocean floor. They went beyond the Mir submersible and hoisted the Russian flag near the North Pole right on the bottom. It was a real feat - both dangerous and beautiful. And in 2008, new research allowed Chilingarov to be elected at the general meeting as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In the alarming April 2011, it was Artur Chilingarov who led the most dangerous expedition to the Far East to study the impact of the disaster at the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant on the fauna and flora of this region. The scientist was very indignant at the Greenpeace extremists who tried to infiltrate our oil platform with their banner. And indeed, there are so many important things in the world, it would be better if they study the Gulf Stream, which almost died as a result of the actions of the Americans, and protest against such barbaric oil production. And in 2013, the Olympic flame shone at the North Pole - that's where the relay race of the Sochi Winter Games led it. This was probably one of the most important records of the Olympics, since it is significant that Russia can now get anywhere in the harsh ocean at any time.
Politics and social work
As already mentioned, Artur Nikolayevich was engaged in parliamentary activities almostten years, serving in the Federal Assembly from 1993 to 2011. He was elected at the request of his beloved northerners from the Nenets constituency. He was Deputy Chairman of the State Duma. And now he willingly joined the party, not even one. First ROPP (industrial party), then United Russia. And he was also elected president of the Russian Association of Polar Explorers. Artur Chilingarov in September-October 2017 gave several very significant interviews, where he emphasized that Russia will not yield to anyone in the development of the richest region in the world - the Arctic. The whole country learned with admiration that the development of the Arctic will become wider and deeper, with the involvement of the most significant names in the scientific world. At these important moments for the country, Artur Nikolaevich Chilingarov did not speak on behalf of his high-profile research name. The Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for the Antarctic and the Arctic, for international cooperation in the development of these territories, could not say otherwise.
Most of all, he emphasized in his interviews the most important intention to continue scientific Arctic research in order to solve practical problems, such as emergency spills and ice escort and, of course, the deepest analysis of the processes of change in the Arctic in the future, assessing these changes and finding ways to adaptation. Practically, he spoke about the same in his report at the Eighth International Meeting of the states that are members of the Arctic Council, as well as observer countries and the scientific community. International cooperation in science has always been a priority. Chilingarov also signed an agreementconcerning the strengthening of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic, which made it possible to launch the implementation of the polar initiative, which has been developed for many years.
Plans
In November 2017, it is planned to organize a drifting research station "Sp-41". For this purpose, a whole icebreaker will be frozen into the ice so that the polar explorers have the best working conditions and the safest base. The scientist also invited foreign experts to take part in these studies. Artur Chilingarov is an indisputable authority in polar research, he has more than fifty scientific publications. He even entered the Guinness Book of Records, because he is the only person in the world who managed to visit both the South Pole and the North Pole within six months. The present and future of the Arctic will require an open dialogue between the public, government and business, since interests here are mostly at the intersection of different industries. The main thing is to observe the national interests of our country.
The foundations of Russia's state policy in the Arctic until 2020 have already been approved by the president, and a longer-term perspective is also outlined. There are unresolved basic issues: improving transport accessibility, implementing energy projects. And in parallel, the following are already emerging: support zones, their development, single-industry towns, industrial cooperation, modern communication systems, the preservation of the environment (and it is so fragile in the Arctic!), the development of ecological tourism. The quality of life in high latitudes also leaves much to be desired. However, the most important thing is Arctic science, education,technology adoption and international cooperation.
Diversity of interests
The Arctic agenda requires the participation of all key players. Chilingarov always listens with great attention to initiatives and proposals that can contribute to the development of the northern regions. A variety of people and organizations are always willing to work with the association of polar explorers. These are PJSC VTB, MMC Norilsk Nickel, Gazprom Neft and many, many others. The President of "ASPOL" is a respected person who is proud of the country. But he willingly helps enthusiasts both with advice and deed. For example, at the moment Fyodor Konyukhov, a famous traveler, together with Artur Chilingarov, is trying to find an enterprise that can build a deep-sea submersible to descend into the Mariana Trench, the deepest point on the ocean floor.
The project is not easy. The device was conceived as a three-seater. Now they go to research institutes, talk, see what the golden hands of local craftsmen are capable of. The timing of this dive has not yet been set exactly. The Russian Geographical Society has already taken this project under its auspices. We need not just a record - we need research, scientific experiments, soil sampling from two different tectonic plates - the Pacific and the Philippine, and therefore the crew must remain at the bottom for a long time, at least forty-eight hours. Perhaps next year the expedition will take place, the deadline is 2019. In addition to conducting scientific research, divers at the bottomMariana Trench will install a stone cross.
Arctic shelf and Antarctic iceberg
The Arctic shelf has not yet been recognized as Russian, but Chilingarov hopes to present such evidence by 2020 that will convince the world that we are right. The Commission on the Law of the Sea from the UN is still considering two applications submitted by the Russian Federation. A third is in preparation. Considering them is not a quick matter, all the more so at stake is a million and another two hundred thousand square kilometers of the Arctic, which we claim. Ten years ago, a team of polar explorers led by Artur Chilingarov had already conquered the "true pole" by finding the coveted meridian crossing point by diving to the bottom in bathyscaphes. But the main goal of this expedition was to study the Arctic shelf, the Lomonosov Ridge and establish the ownership of these territories.
The whole world is concerned about the iceberg that broke away from the mainland of Antarctica, and the Russian oceanologist needs not only to worry, but to establish observation of this colossus. An event on a truly planetary scale. Where will this trillion tons go from the Larsen Glacier? Will the iceberg interfere with fishermen or shipping? What will be the impact (and it will be necessary!) on the environment? It strongly depends on the trajectory of its movement. The study of Antarctica is Artur Chilingarov's great love as much as the study of the Arctic.
Family today
A little has already been said about the family: about the beauty of Tatyana Alexandrovna Chilingarova, about the fact that her son Nikolai, who was born in1974, and daughter Ksenia, born in 1982, are very similar to their father. Ksenia Arturovna Chilingarova, daughter of Artur Nikolaevich Chilingarov, is a public person, she talks a lot about her family, her childhood, her attitude towards her parents. Rarely appearing in the house of a bearded man with gifts, she perceived in childhood as Santa Claus. And always, from the very first years of my life, I understood that he was doing something huge, for the whole world. And the children were brought up in strictness. Armenian blood will never overcome conservative views. Both son and daughter were aimed at getting a profession - this is first of all. And also family life. The first one worked. After a trip to the North Pole with her father, Ksenia decided to create her own line of winter clothes.
Arthur Chilingarov's son Nikolai graduated from the Institute of Foreign Languages. Maurice Thorez in Moscow. He knows how to translate simultaneously, but he works in the project finance department of Vneshprombank as the head. In addition, he is the vice-president of the Association of Polar Explorers. He also traveled a lot - with and without his father. He owns almost twenty percent of the shares of Vneshneprombank, and this bank has rather big assets. Uniformity disgusts Nikolai, and therefore he perceives each trip as a holiday. For a change, I worked out for some time in the fur trade, but for some reason it did not work out. He likes the bank better. And for the expedition to the South Pole, Nikolai was awarded the Order of Friendship.
