Man is a multifaceted being. This is manifested in the fact that it operates in a variety of areas. People strive to satisfy their various needs, and this leads to the fact that there are quite a lot of areas for human activity. Let's talk about what spheres of people's life activities are distinguished by scientists, what are their specifics and significance.
The concept of life activity
This concept is used in connection with the maintenance and preservation of human life. In this sense, life is understood as a set of processes that ensure the flow of biological processes in the human body. However, people are not only biological individuals, but also social beings. Therefore, the concept of life activity is also interpreted as our activity within the framework of social life. In this perspective, various spheres of human life are distinguished. And the concept of life activity is used not only in its literal meaning, but also in an expanded understanding. In this casepay attention to the etymology of the term. Its first root denotes the form of the existence of matter, but in addition to its biological meaning, it has a broader interpretation. In this case, life is understood as the period of existence of someone (for example, the life of a person from birth to death). There is another meaning of this word - the fullness of the manifestation of spiritual and physical forces. In this sense, life is opposed to existence.
The second root of the term under consideration is also ambiguous. In psychology, activity is understood as a meaningful and purposeful interaction of a person with the world. There are several main activities: communication, work, play, teaching. Thus, this term can be interpreted as the interaction of a person with the world, which takes place in different forms throughout its existence.
Biological life activity
In the framework of biology and the theory of life safety, this concept is understood as a set of biological processes that support human life. In this aspect, metabolism is important as a certain set of chemical reactions, which supports the course of life. Another concept associated with biological activity is homeostasis. It means the ability of the system to self-regulate, to maintain stability and dynamic balance. In this interpretation, the main spheres of human activity include the production and domestic areas. In them, a person obtains for himself the means forexistence and ensures the renewal of their own resources in the process of rest and work.
Social life activities
In addition to the biological concept of life in the humanities, we can talk about the social aspect of this phenomenon. Within the framework of social relations, the population is reproduced, and people are provided with the necessary resources to meet their needs. Man is not only a biological system. He also exists in society and this makes him a person with specific needs and requirements. To be satisfied, to develop harmoniously, a person needs various spheres for applying his strength. Realization of a person in various spheres is a condition for the fullness of his life and happiness. All spheres of human activity should be harmoniously interconnected.
Spheres of vital activity
There are several approaches to identifying the basic areas in which a person realizes himself and in which he provides himself with the necessary resources and means of subsistence. The traditional approach reveals five realms:
- material production;
- axiological;
- scientific, or production of theoretical knowledge;
- political or public administration;
- social sphere of human life.
Each of the selected areas has its own specific features and plays a different role in a person's life.
In psychology it is accepteddistinguish the following areas of human activity: physical, social, intellectual and spiritual. Sociologists add legal and political to the above areas. Each of the discovered areas of human activity has a special significance in human life. In the theory of human self-realization, 7 key areas of his activity are distinguished: spiritual and personal growth, he alth, career, finances, relationships and the brightness of life.
Physical Sphere
Often this area is called the most important, because it is it that is connected with the continuation of human existence. The basic concept of this area is he alth. A person must maintain his he alth, provide his body with the necessary resources. However, focusing only on the physical aspects of his life, a person will lose the spiritual and social principles that make him a man. Therefore, the physical sphere is certainly important, but cannot be called the most important in human development.
Social sphere
This area includes relations between people, groups, classes, institutions. Traditionally, the social sphere is associated with public institutions: social services, education systems, housing and communal services, he althcare, etc. The production and reproduction of people requires the satisfaction of various needs. And for this, a person needs various benefits created in various spheres of life. Society is the environment in which we spend our entire lives. Sosocial aspects of human activity are associated with the functioning of the main institutions, with the social roles of a person, with his belonging to certain classes and groups. However, society as a sphere of people's life activity is connected, first of all, with relations between people, although interaction with institutions is of great importance. It is extremely important for human development to build harmonious relationships with others.
Intellectual sphere
Considering the spheres of human life, it is impossible to ignore the area of production of thoughts, ideas, images. The intellectual sphere usually includes development in the profession, setting life goals, reflection on the meaning of life, working with emotions, cognitive and creative activity. Also, this area is associated with the consumption of intellectual products produced by other people. A person must develop his thinking, because satisfaction with the existing state of things, his values, and the meaningfulness of life depend on this.
Spirit Realm
If you ask yourself which spheres of human life are the most significant, then in the first place, perhaps, you need to put this particular area. It includes relationships and activities in the process of creating and consuming spiritual values, as well as their distribution and preservation. This area includes cultural institutions: theaters, museums, educational institutions, libraries. The components of spiritual activity are values and needs.higher order. Within the framework of this form of activity, a person generates new images, ideas, produces works of art, new theories and views, norms. This area also includes spiritual connections between people.
Legal
The condition for the preservation of society is the observance of the rights of citizens and responsibility for their violation. Legal relations are established between people, as well as in relations between a person and the state. They are designed to regulate relations between citizens, protect their rights and freedoms, and ensure social justice. Regulation mechanisms are divided into prohibitive and permissive. Elements of law penetrate into many other spheres of human activity. According to the spheres of life, human rights are divided into civil, social, political, economic and cultural. Observance of rights ensures the legal status of an individual and forms a responsible attitude among citizens to various types of their activities.
Political sphere
The vital activity of a person requires interaction with the state. Society for effective existence needs management, power is needed. The political sphere of activity is associated with pressure on people to obey established norms and rules. The content of this sphere is the interaction of subjects (the state, political elites, people) in order to meet the needs of people in order, protection, and security. Also, the political sphere is connected with the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens. Components of this sphereare political institutions, political consciousness, rights and norms, political actions.
Sphere of material production
For a prosperous existence, people need a lot of material items that provide comfort and satisfaction of basic needs. The material sphere of human life is characterized by a variety of activities for the production of consumer goods, without which human life would be in jeopardy. This area is often synonymous with the concept of "labor activity". It is possible to single out the technical and technological aspect and industrial relations. The first is related to the application of human practical skills to create various objects and products. And the latter are a social form of labor, which makes the production process itself possible. This area is interesting because within its framework a person not only provides himself with the necessary things and products, but also achieves self-realization, development of his potential.
Sphere of production of theoretical knowledge
Asking the question of what spheres of human activity are included in modern society, one cannot but mention a special area - scientific. Since the 17th century, scientific knowledge and exploration of the world has become an increasingly significant area of application of the intellectual potential of man. Scientific knowledge is necessary in order to describe the existing state of affairs, find its causes and make predictions. Scientific knowledge allows a person to comprehendobjective laws of the environment. As a field of activity, science is also the area in which a person can realize and develop his potential, achieve self-realization. Science also aims to offer new ways to meet the basic needs of people.
Axiological sphere
Acting in various spheres of life, people are also creating values and evaluating the results of labor, the process of activity, relationships between people. A person in various spheres of life determines the significance of certain phenomena and things. He assesses how much they contribute to meeting the needs of a person and society, how they help people realize their potential and achieve their life goals. Value-forming activity is usually a group activity, but the formulated values affect the life of each individual. They allow people to make their lives meaningful and meaningful.
