Many people love to pick mushrooms. Combining a leisurely walk through the forest with a useful thing - collecting free food is doubly pleasant. The end of autumn indulges in a huge number of mushrooms belonging to the rowing family, in particular, the earthy rowing. Unpretentious in appearance, but very tasty and he althy, they are easy to collect, as they usually grow in large groups.
Description
The family has about two and a half thousand species of mushrooms. They are widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere. Favorite place - coniferous or mixed forests. They prefer sandy soil, covered with a thick layer of needles and leaves or moss. Not all mushrooms can be eaten. The family includes conditionally edible, poisonous and edible mushrooms. The latter include the earthy row. Description:
- Hat. Depending on the species, it can be cone-shaped, spherical (in young mushrooms) or bell-shaped. With age, it straightens, but the central tubercle remains. The edges of the hat are wavy, even, tucked or vice versa.upturned. The color is different: white, gray, variations of green, yellow, brown, red, purple. Moreover, as it grows, the color can change significantly. The surface can be scaly, mucous, smooth, velvety, dry, fibrous. The diameter can reach 20 cm.
- Plates (hymenophore). The rows under the hat have plates, they are covered with a spore-bearing layer. The plates are either thin and frequent, or fleshy and sparse. In young mushrooms, they are even and white, darken over time, covered with brown or brown spots, the edges become torn and uneven.
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Leg. Height 3-10 cm, diameter 0.5-2 cm. The shape depends on the species. It can be club-shaped (with an extension to the top or bottom) or cylindrical. The texture also varies, it can be bare, fibrous, velvety, scaly. The color is usually pink with a brown tint, under the hat itself there is a zone of white tint. Sometimes under the hat there are remnants of a protective cover in the form of a fibrous ring.
In general, with some nuances, this description fits all species of this family.
Varieties
Main types of edible rows:
- Row earthy. The mushroom is very popular both in Europe and in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The cap of young mushrooms is cone-shaped, with a diameter of 3 to 9 cm. It is silky to the touch, brown or mousey in color. The plates are uneven, rare. The lower part of a pronounced yellowish tint. The legs grow up to 10 cm, usually straight, but there are alsocurved with a screw, the old ones are hollow. Its pulp has a slight floury smell, almost tasteless, elastic, white. The earthy rowan grows exclusively in coniferous forests.
- Grey. Outwardly, it is very similar to the earthy one. She has a fleshy, young mushrooms have a smooth rounded, later flat and cracked hat. Only a flattened tubercle in the center remains. The size ranges from 4-12 cm. The color is dark gray, sometimes with a purple or greenish tint. The plates are rare, wide. If you break the serushka, it will turn yellow, the taste is mealy. The leg at the base is wider, can grow up to 15 cm and above. The differences between the gray row and the earthy one are that the gray one has a more slender “body”, a noticeable yellow coating on the plates, and a well-defined pleasant floury smell.
There are many other types:
- matsutake grows in China, Japan, North America, Russia, Finland, Korea, Sweden;
- giant, grows up to 20 cm in diameter, is found in almost all European countries, North Africa, Japan, Russia;
- crowded, grows in the temperate climate zone, widely used in Asian countries in pharmacology;
- Mongolian, looks like a porcini mushroom, but the plates give out a row in it, grows in Mongolia, Central Asia, in Western China.
There are many non-edible species in this family: white, gray, pointed, brown, leopard.
Useful properties
Earthy rowing, in addition to being an excellent dietary product, hasa number of useful qualities:
- contains vitamins A, C, K, PP, D2, D7, group B, betaine;
- minerals: manganese, zinc, calcium, potassium, sodium, iron, phosphorus;
- phenols:
- polysaccharides;
- natural antibiotics: clitocin, fomycin;
- amino acids: stearic, glutamic and aspartic acids, phenylalanine, alanine, lysine, threonine;
- ergosterol.
Edible rows have antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. They are used in the complex treatment of the following diseases:
- oncology;
- diabetes mellitus;
- diseases of the genitourinary system;
- to normalize pressure;
- with a nervous system disorder;
- arrhythmia;
- osteoporosis;
- rheumatism.
However, uncontrolled consumption of mushrooms can be dangerous. Rows can accumulate any pollution, including heavy metals. It is better to collect young specimens. Overeating mushrooms leads to pain, heaviness in the abdomen, flatulence. People suffering from diseases of the gallbladder, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal tract, with low acidity, it is undesirable to include rowweed in their diet often and in large quantities.
Use
Earthy rowing is pleasant and delicate in taste. It is good both fresh and as preparations for the winter. Good housewives successfully pickle and s alt mushrooms of this type. There isa few nuances in their preparation:
- firstly, you need to cook only young mushrooms, "old people" will be bitter;
- secondly, before cooking, they must be thoroughly washed, sand and other debris are clogged into the plates;
- Thirdly, you must definitely remove the skin from the hat.
Following these simple rules, you can cook a lot of delicious and he althy dishes.
Curious facts
Here are some interesting facts about rowing:
- these mushrooms can be grown at home, like champignons;
- in many countries the production of rowing is put on stream, products are even sent for export;
- in Japan, matsutake is valued like a truffle in Europe, the price for individual specimens can reach $100;
- as a rule, mushrooms grow in rows (hence the name) or circles, people call them "witch circles".
