The Republic of Mordovia is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which is territorially part of the Volga Federal District, and is also part of the Volga-Vyatka economic region. Today we will study this area in more detail, immerse ourselves in its history, learn about the climate and attractions, development plans, the level of average wages and old-age pensions, as well as what number the Mordovia region has (car code).
Geography: time zone and climatic conditions
The Republic occupies part of the East European Plain. Has borders with the following subjects of the Russian Federation:
- Nizhny Novgorod region - in the north;
- Chuvashia - in the northeast;
- Ulyanovsk region - in the east;
- Penza - in the south;
- Ryazan region - in the west.
The region of Mordovia covers an area larger than26 thousand km². In addition to the capital - Saransk, the republic includes two more cities of republican significance - Kovylkino and Ruzaevka.
Temperate continental climate prevails in the region. Due to the absence of relief obstacles, the territory is subject to both southern and northern air masses. This, in turn, affects the average temperature: it can vary greatly during the season. For example, in winter, vary in the range of +4…-27 °C, and in summer stay within +17…+31 °C.
The Republic is located in the time zone, which is designated by the international standard as MSK (+3:00).
Flora and fauna
The region of Mordovia is rich in flora and fauna. Broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forests predominate in the western part of the republic. There are many meadow steppes and shrubs in the central and eastern regions.
Flora in the republic is represented by more than 1,200 species of vascular plants. Here you can observe several species of club mosses, horsetails, ferns and gymnosperms. There are a lot of herbaceous flowering representatives, and there are much fewer trees and shrubs. Main Breeds:
- spruce;
- pine;
- larch;
- petal oak;
- plane maple;
- ash;
- birch fluffy and warty;
- elm;
- little-leaved linden;
- alder;
- black poplar.
The fauna of the region can also be called rich. More than 60 species of mammals live in the Republic of Mordovia, 35 of which arerare. There are about 267 birds (70 rare), and 44 fish species. There are a lot of different types of insects - there are more than a thousand of them. But amphibians and reptiles live quite a bit.
Representatives of forest fauna:
- boar;
- moose;
- marten;
- lynx;
- grouse;
- white hare;
- woodpecker;
- grouse;
- titmouse;
- thrush.
Much fewer inhabitants of the steppes. Among them there are spotted ground squirrel, common mole rat, steppe lemming and large jerboa.
History of the Mordovia region
Republic is relatively young, it was founded in 1930. The Mordovian people did not have their own state until the 20th century - this is such an interesting phenomenon.
Western European historians in their writings of the 13th century mention two Mordovian princes, while the Russian chronicles contain information about the “Mordva Purgasova” in the interfluve of the Tesha and Marsha, where possibly the Finno-Ugric tribes of the Mordovians lived.
In the 1920s, it became necessary to form autonomies, taking into account the nationalities of the peoples who supported the incoming power and actively participated in the battles on the side of the Bolsheviks. Such was the gratitude for the assistance rendered in the suppression of opponents. But the problem was that it was impossible to allocate a territory with a predominant number of the Mordovian population - the people lived on the lands of 25 provinces. Within three years, starting from 1925, in the territories of the Penza, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod and Ulyanovsk provinces,more than three dozen Mordovian counties.
Further, the division of the Middle Volga region into regions began to take place. In this regard, in the 28th year of the 20th century, the Saransk district was formed as part of the Middle Volga region. Later it was renamed Mordovskiy. The district also included counties and volosts where the Mordovian people lived, which previously belonged to the above provinces.
In 1930, the Autonomous Republic of Mordovia was formed. The region, as it is now, "formed" gradually: some administrative units of Mordovia, in which the Russian population lived, were transferred to neighboring regions, and vice versa. When the formation was completed, the capital was chosen. It was the city of Saransk.
At the end of 1934, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee officially created the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1993, it became known as the Republic of Mordovia.
Population and settlements
According to Rosstat data for 2018, the population of the region is just over 800 thousand people. Of these, more than 53% are Russians, 40% are Mordovians, and slightly more than 5% are Tatars.
Mordovia includes 22 districts and 3 cities of republican significance:
- Saransk.
- Kovylkino.
- Ruzaevka.
There are 7 cities, 13 urban-type settlements and 1,250 rural settlements in Mordovia.
Economic Development
In recent years, there has been a positive trend in all sectors of the economy. Investments are growinginterest from foreign investors is increasing, which has a positive effect on the development of the region. The Republic of Mordovia, as it used to be, and as it is now, seem to be completely different worlds, which is especially true for farmers. After all, the growth of production in this industry amounted to more than 100%. The volume of work in the construction industry increased by 15%. It is also worth noting that today Mordovia is one of the leading regions in terms of the share of innovative products.
The main industries are mechanical engineering and metalworking. The iron foundry, chemical, petrochemical, light and food industries are less developed. Agriculture is not inferior either - the agro-industrial complex of Mordovia is one of the leading producers of eggs, milk and cattle meat in the country.
Mineral resources
There are three mineral deposits in Mordovia:
- Alekseevskoye - cement raw materials.
- Natural accumulation of phosphorites, oil shale.
- Atemar limestone deposit.
Living standard, average salary and pension
In connection with the positive dynamics of economic growth, it was possible to raise the standard of living of the population by increasing wages and social benefits. It happens that the solution of one problem automatically helps to cope with another. For example, in 2016, as mentioned earlier, the volume of work in the construction industry increased by 15% and exceeded the mark of 27 billion rubles. This was facilitated by the launch of a preferential mortgage program at 5%per annum. That is, people have their own housing, and the economy of the republic is growing rapidly.
Also in 2016, the government of the Mordovia region set the task of ensuring wage growth that outstripped inflation. And this was done: the first of them grew by 7%, and the second amounted to only 5.5%. Further improvement is planned.
For 2018, the average pension is 8,194 rubles, and wages - 24,807. The Mordoviastat website says that among the regions of the Volga Federal District, the republic occupies the last, 14th place in this indicator. In fact, it turns out that not everything is so smooth, but, on the other hand, Mordovia has something to strive for.
Religion
On the territory of Mordovia live people who profess Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Judaism. Most of them are Orthodox. The region is represented by three dioceses: Saransk, Krasnoslobodsk and Ardatov. The central church of the capital is the Cathedral of St. righteous warrior Feodor Ushakov.
Attractions
To the question of where the homeland begins, the Mordovian people will answer - from nature. Perhaps there is nothing more valuable to them than forests, steppes, fields, meadows, groves, rivers and lakes. These are indeed the main attractions of the region, as the wide panoramas of the countryside are soothing and inspiring.
There are also many important historical and cultural sites in Mordovia. Many of them have the status of monuments of federal significance.
Andreevsky mound in the Bolsheignatovsky district is one of the largest and oldest archaeological sites. In the Lyambir region, the Atemar defensive rampart, built in the 17th century, has been partially preserved.
It is impossible not to mention the most beautiful majestic monastic ensembles. One of them, Sanaksarsky, is located near Temnikov. The second, Makarov Monastery, in the suburbs of Saransk. These are spiritual centers of all-Russian importance. The relics of St. Fedor Ushakov - soldier-admiral. Also on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia there are dozens of churches built in the period of the XVIII-XIX centuries, which are architectural monuments.
At leisure, tourists can visit such interesting places:
- Local History Museum named after I. D. Voronin.
- Drama Theatre.
- Museum of Fine Arts.
- Musical theater named after I. M. Yarushev.
- Museum of military and labor feat.
- Library named after A. S. Pushkin.
- Museum of the locomotive depot.
- Mordovia Nature Reserve.
- Park named after A. S. Pushkin.
- Lake Inerka.
- Monument to E. Pugachev.
- Start and Mordovia Arena stadiums.
Car code of the Mordovia region
Since January 1, 1994, the standard for vehicle license plates has been in force in the Russian Federation. Each subject of the Russian Federation has its own number. Since the republic is part of Russia, a unique code is also provided for it: Mordovia - 13th region. Increase in the number of transportfunds throughout the country forces to allocate new numbers. For example, St. Petersburg, as a territorial unit, belongs to the codes 78, 98 and 178.
The second number of the Mordovia region is 113.
