The twin brothers Lech and Jarosław Kaczynski first became famous as thirteen-year-old boys all over Poland in 1962, showing themselves in the lead roles of a children's feature film-fairy tale. The eldest of the brothers is Yaroslav.
Biography
The brothers were born in the Polish capital on June 18, 1949. Father, Raimund Kaczynski, a war veteran, a former officer of the Home Army, worked as an engineer. Yadviga's mother is a philologist. Both parents actively participated in the 1944 Warsaw Uprising.
The brothers graduated from high school together and continued their studies at the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Warsaw.
Yaroslav Kaczynski has pursued a scientific career since 1971. Achieved a doctorate degree in jurisprudence. His places of work were the Institute for Science and Higher Education Policy and the Białystok branch of the University in Warsaw.
In the mid-seventies, the twin brothers began to engage in dissident activities, becoming members of the Workers' Defense Committee. 1980 - participants in the first congress of "Solidarity".
When a state of emergency is introduced in the state(1981) arrested only Lekh, as they considered it a typo that two people on the arrest lists had the same last name and date of birth.
Somewhat later, Yaroslav Kaczynski joined the leadership of the Solidarity trade union. In the 80s he was a member of the Polish branch of the Helsinki Committee. In 1989-90s he was the editor-in-chief of the weekly newspaper "Solidarity".
Deputy activity
At the end of 1989, Yaroslav was elected a member of the Senate, nominated by the Civic Parliamentary Party. He was entrusted to represent the trade union during negotiations during the formation of government structures headed by T. Mazowiecki.
In 1990-92, Yaroslav Kaczynski was the head of the presidential office of L. Walesa. The party "Agreement of Centrist Forces" was founded by him in 1990. He was its leader for eight years, while he was quite active.
In 1991-1993, 1997-2001 and 2001-2005, this Polish politician was nominated to the Sejm.
Creating a new party
In the spring of 2001, the Kaczynskis organized a new conservative party headed by Lech. The party was named "Law and Justice". In the parliamentary elections six months after its creation, this party won nine and a half percent of the electoral votes. The faction of the party in the Sejm was headed by Yaroslav.
Since 2003, after Lech Kaczynski was elected mayor of Warsaw, brotherled the party. In September of the same year, the Law and Justice party gained almost 27 percent in the parliamentary elections, and Yaroslav Kaczynski was re-elected to the Seimas.
In order not to create obstacles for brother Lekh on the eve of the presidential elections, Yaroslav had to give up the post of head of the government cabinet. K. Martsinkevich was appointed to this post.
Lech Kaczynski - President of Poland
23.11.2005 Lech was elected President of Poland, who first of all expressed his gratitude to his brother. He informed the "Pan of the party chairman" that the "task" had been completed - the presidency had "successfully won".
14.07.2006 Yaroslav was appointed prime minister.
Despite the fact that the brothers were conservative Catholics, according to some researchers, the Prime Minister of Poland adhered to a more right-wing worldview than his brother.
Polish foreign policy actions under the leadership of the brothers led to certain tensions with the European Union, rapprochement with the United States of America and deterioration of relations with Russia.
Political crisis
In the summer of 2007, Poland found itself in a situation of political crisis. Yaroslav Kaczynski insisted that the president dismiss A. Lepper, who is deputy prime minister, minister of agriculture and head of the Samooborona party, which is a junior partner in the government coalition.
Reason for resignationthe facts of Lepper's involvement in the corruption scandal were called, but Lepper himself denied this in a categorical form. According to him, Self-Defense should remain in the government coalition, but the scandalous situation developed with increasing force.
In some media, it was reported that the Deputy Prime Minister was dismissed due to deliberate provocative actions organized by the Prime Minister.
In the early parliamentary elections in the fall of 2007, the Law and Justice party received a little more than 32 percent, skipping ahead of the Civic Platform, which was headed by Donald Tusk. On November 5, 2007 J. Kaczynski resigned as prime minister.
Tragedy, Katyn, memorial
2010-10-04 Polish President Lech Kaczynski with his wife Maria and a number of high-ranking Polish politicians, military, religious and public figures flew on the presidential airliner Tu-154M flight PLF101 from Warsaw to Smolensk. While landing at the Smolensk-Severny airfield in heavy fog, the plane crashed into trees, fell and shattered into pieces.
This terrible plane crash near Smolensk claimed 96 lives. The investigation into the causes of the tragedy was conducted by Russian and Polish experts, as well as by an international commission.
The passengers of the crashed plane were a Polish delegation led by the country's president, who is on a private visit to a mourning event in Katyn. Memorial in memory of the execution of officers of the Polish army waserected there in honor of the seventieth anniversary of this mourning date.
Yaroslav Kaczynski was not among the dead passengers, as he canceled this flight due to his mother's illness.
Results of the investigation of the tragic accident
The Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC), during the investigation, found that until the airliner collided with trees, the functioning of all systems was normal. Fog caused poor visibility, which was lower than allowed for landing. Information about this was sent to the crew of the aircraft.
MAK concluded that the crash occurred due to the wrong actions of the crew members of the airliner and exerting psychological pressure on them.
Election of a new president
20.06.2010 Poland elected a new head of state.
Yaroslav Kaczynski received 36.74 percent of the vote in these elections, while his main opponent, speaker of the Polish Sejm Bronisław Komorowski, got 41.22 percent. For the final selection on 4.07.2010 the next round was organized. On it, Komorowski, a candidate from the Civic Platform, won with 53 percent of the vote.
Parliamentary elections - 2011 did not end well for Kaczynski's party. With just under 30 percent of the vote, she was in second place. She entered the Sejm with 158 seats.
During the 2015 presidential election, Kaczynski supported fellow party member A. Dudu, who won with 53 percent of the electoral vote.
20.06.2015 during the party conference J. Kaczynski nominated Beata Szydło for the post of prime minister for the autumn election campaign.
Views of J. Kaczynski
When his brother tragically died in a plane crash in 2010, Yaroslav Kaczynski spoke about Russia in the following way. First, he acknowledged the fact that the Russian authorities are investigating the cause of the fall of the presidential airliner near Smolensk in cooperation with the Poles.
However, immediately after the elections, there was a sharp change in his position. He began to hint that the Russian side was hiding the true causes of the accident, he even called on the United States of America to investigate this.
Russian politician S. Stankevich sees only political conjuncture in J. Kaczynski's statements. In order to maintain a certain degree of passion, far-right politicians are always trying to create an atmosphere of some excitement. They are constantly trying to find more and more traumatic factors. They try to use even such a grave tragedy to rally their supporters tomobilization of far-right political views, Stankevich believes.
From Kaczynski, there have been repeated statements that the whole truth about the circumstances of the Smolensk tragedy should be found out and published on the pages of books and textbooks.
According to him, the Poles must know the truth in order to draw the appropriate conclusions. The memory of the tragedy, according to the politician, should be immortalized by any means, for example, in the name of a street or square, by installing a monument near the presidential palace.
One of these speeches by Yaroslav Kaczynski at the site of a possible erection of a monument to the victims of the tragedy gathered a huge number of supporters.
Kaczyński's last statements
In June 2016, the leader of the ruling party could be heard saying that Republican Polish sovereignty needed protection. That's what he said when speaking in Warsaw.
According to him, interference in internal Polish affairs is constantly noted, the country becomes an object of pressure in resolving issues that directly relate only to the life of every citizen of the country.
"Poland, - argues J. Kaczynski, - should join various alliances, find various compromise solutions, but at the same time its sovereignty should remain unshakable. Poland should not be a supplier of labor for those who are richer."
Since June 2016, checks of Russian citizens visiting Poland have been significantly increased at customs posts on the border between Russia and Poland. This contributed to the formation of queues forborder checkpoints.
Kaczyński is an opponent of Poland's entry into the euro zone, but he is a supporter of strengthening the NATO bloc on the European continent.
Many expect him to worsen relations with Germany and the European Union as a whole.
Jaroslav Kaczynski's initiatives involve the deployment of US troops on Polish territory.
Private life
Yaroslav Kaczynski is not married. His place of residence has always been the town of Zolibozh, where he lived with his mother, who died on 2013-17-01
