Any production sooner or later faces the limit of its capabilities. To ensure the growth of its efficiency, it is enough to make certain changes, the need for which is due to a combination of factors and additional reserves. With the right innovation and the use of hidden resources, the enterprise is sure to increase the productivity of its employees.
Growth Factors
Productivity growth depends on several important factors. What is this about? This concept refers to the underlying causes that cause a positive trend in labor productivity. Each factor has prerequisites. For example, automation in an enterprise cannot take place without a clear structure of the plant, factory, etc.
Factors and reserves of labor productivity growth can be divided into 4 groups: technical and organizational, socio-political, socio-economic and natural-climatic. The latter determine the level of efficiency depending on the location. Natural and climatic conditions are especially important in the mining industry.
Innovation
Technical and organizational factors and reserves of labor productivity growth are associated with the modernization of the productive forces in society. These include the workforce, its improvement and combination with other resources. In this case, as nowhere else, scientific and technological progress is extremely important. Modern enterprises increase their productivity not by increasing employees or capital, but by innovating and introducing new ideas.
It is difficult to imagine a successful company without the use of scientific and technical achievements. Labor productivity, indicators, factors, growth reserves - all this today is associated with modernization. Thanks to scientific and technological progress, the means of labor used are changing. Their productivity increases. A historical example: it was the introduction of new machines, machine tools and devices during the industrial revolution that made it possible in many industries to abandon manual labor.
Difficulties of modernization
The introduction of technical innovations in production involves several difficulties. Modernization is done in order to increase the volume of products and improve their quality. However, in order to achieve this result, it takes a lot of time. When new technologies are just beginning to replace old ones, the rate of production slows down, resulting in losses and reduced profits. Thus, modernization is a risky step. It should be started only with certainreserves for labor productivity growth.
The controversy associated with the use of the fruits of scientific and technological progress can be resolved through the use of additional capacities that can temporarily fill the gap that has arisen due to the abandonment of obsolete technology. It is important to note one more point. An increase in labor productivity can become a significant advantage only in a market economy with free competition among industry participants.
Scientific advances and the market economy
Since science has become a separate force influencing production, the level of implementation of scientific and technological progress has begun to influence all aspects of production: labor, its application and organization. Changes of this nature not only provide new devices, but also improve the working environment itself, make it more comfortable for the staff. Thanks to science, the difference between physical and mental labor is gradually disappearing. The technical factor is especially important in the extractive industry of the economy.
Finally, a combination of positive trends in science and market relations gives many advantages. Technological innovations are best revealed in a competitive environment, when, through natural selection, the best innovations become habitual features of any efficient production.
Community factor
Production efficiency is influenced by social and economic conditions. Such a system of interconnections developed after the principles of market relations were established. Factors of an economic and social nature are reflected in many phenomena: the well-being of people, education, the technical level of workers, etc.
According to these criteria, only the enterprise that fully satisfies the collective, personal and social needs of its employees is effective. It is also necessary to improve the business skills of employees. But even the most correct personnel policy will not have sufficient effect if there is not at least a small improvement in people's living standards.
Features of manufacturing products
Production technology is constantly in need of updating. This factor requires several solutions. First of all, it is necessary to gradually reduce the duration of the production cycle. Also, the owners of efficient enterprises take care to reduce the labor intensity of manufacturing goods. Production processes should form a single system in which all cycles are interconnected.
Thus, an increasing number of enterprises are using ultra-low and ultra-high temperatures and pressures, chemical methods of processing products, high-frequency currents, ultrasound, infrared radiation, ultra-strong materials, etc.
Using new materials
In the face of constant change, modern production needs high-quality raw materials. Therefore, more and more enterprises are using electrical innovations, chemical technologies, etc. Such progress is associated with numerous environmental risks,therefore requires special care.
For example, synthetic polymers are used in a variety of industries. These artificial materials are substitutes for wood, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and other natural raw materials. Today, without polymers, it is no longer possible to solve some important technical problems. And in mechanical engineering, with the help of this material, they reduce the weight of important structures and improve the appearance of cars. For plastic products, the labor intensity is much lower than for natural counterparts. In other words, this material is much more efficient and cost-effective.
Current and prospective reserves
Even if all factors are taken into account, it is impossible to achieve an increase in the performance of an enterprise without using all possible reserves for increasing labor productivity. According to the generally accepted classification, they can be divided into two large groups. These are the reserves associated with the improvement of the use of labor power, and those based on the better use of the means of production.
In turn, both of these groups are also divided according to the signs of the place and time of their use. Thus, the reserves of labor productivity growth can be promising and current. Some additional features can only be used during the year. They are considered current. Such reserves do not require deep transformations in production, technical restructuring and large capital investments. They are performed quickly and relatively simply. And here are the promising reservesare associated with fundamental technical changes and the introduction of fundamentally new production technologies.
Additional industry resources
Besides time, productivity growth reserves depend on where they are used. Sectoral and intersectoral groups are associated with transformations in certain areas of the economy. Their significance is extremely great. The identification of reserves for the growth of labor productivity in several sectors at once is necessary for this. to use their advantages for each other's benefit. It is more difficult to use them, but the result of such transformations will be much more noticeable.
In this case, indicators such as the degree of concentration, organization and combination of production capacities play an important role. There are special research and scientific institutions, as well as government ministries to identify and determine reserves in intersectoral spaces.
Sources of growth within the enterprise
Some additional opportunities for improvement of the enterprise are within its own walls. These growth reserves are called internal production. They are also divided into workshop, general factory and belonging to workplaces. With their help, you can reduce the labor intensity of the production itself. This is an inexhaustible and most important reserve, which is often referred to in the very first place. As a rule, it is associated with automation and mechanization of the work process. Labor productivity, indicators, growth reserves - all thisdepends to a large extent on how high the proportion of modern equipment.
By reducing labor intensity, the employer helps his employees achieve more results in less time. This benefits not only them, but also the end buyer of the product. In addition, this way the employer can reduce their own costs for extra staff, whose work is no longer needed due to the appearance of updated inventory. This solution is an example of effective optimization.
Proper use of time
To use the reserves of working time, it is necessary to compare the actual and planned data about it. It is for this reason that all kinds of reports that record the dynamics of labor are so common. Summarizing such a large amount of data requires a lot of time. Statistics, reporting and planned balances of working time, additional studies and surveys - all this is the basis for calculating the reserves for labor productivity growth.
These indicators do not exist by themselves. They are directly related to the complexity, which was discussed above. The reserves for growth in productivity and labor efficiency also depend on it. An important problem of working time and labor intensity lies in the losses associated with work shifts. They can be avoided only by correctly distributing human resources in the enterprise. In order to get rid of the irrational use of working time, company owners resort to the introduction of new schedules and plans.
Labor efficiency
In addition to the already listed types, intra-production reserves for labor productivity growth consist of labor-saving and labor-forming stocks. Using them, enterprises can significantly improve their own performance. Labor-forming reserves, as a rule, imply additional consolidation of working time, as well as an increase in labor intensity. At first glance, it is rather difficult to calculate such phenomena, but this is not so. In order to evaluate them, use indicators of the duration of working days.
Labor-saving reserves of labor productivity growth at the enterprise are calculated according to labor intensity. Efficiency in the use of working hours can also be improved by changing personnel policies. Poor performance in an enterprise is often attributed to poor employee training. Professional development is one way to improve the quality of the work they do. Thus, the classification of labor productivity growth reserves includes several types and subspecies. With the mobilization of each of them, it is possible to significantly increase the efficiency of the enterprise.
