Om is a river flowing in Western Siberia. It refers to three basins at once: the Irtysh, the Ob and the Kara Sea. The first information about the Om River can be found in the Siberian Drawing Book, which was compiled in 1701 by Semyon Remezov. In our article we will talk about the Omi River, its features, geographical location and interesting facts about this reservoir. Well, now in more detail.
Name
The Om river got its name from the Turkic word “quiet” (“om”). And in the Irtysh region and Baraba, the local population calls it a diminutive: Omka.
Location
Lake Omskoe, from where the Om River originates, is located among the swamps in the Vasyugan Valley and is the source. Further, the river stretches along the Baraba lowland. The mouth of the Om is located in Omsk, on the right bank of the Irtysh.
Description of the river
The catchment area of the Omi River is 52,600 square kilometers. The average water flow per year is 64 cubic meters per second, and the maximum is 814. The length of the Om River is 1091 kilometers. In Soviet times, ships sailed along the river from Kuibyshev to the Ust-Tarka pier. Now Om is not included in the list of important Russian inland waterways. Major tributaries of the river:
- Achairka.
- Icha (upper and lower tributaries).
- Gourmet.
- Uzakla.
- Kama.
- Tarka.
- Tarbuga.
- Tartas.
Small tonnage ships go along the river, but only starting from the place where Tartas flows into it. In the upper reaches, the river flows through swampy and forested areas. Then the steppe begins, and on the banks - the first villages. Further, there are more and more of them, cities appear. Many fishermen are interested in the question of what kind of fish is found in the Om River. It has a lot:
- starlet;
- nelma;
- vendace;
- zander;
- pike;
- perch;
- carp;
- roaches.
River Valley
The river valley is unclear, the slopes merge with the surrounding area. In addition to the upper reaches, it looks like a trapezoid, in some places asymmetrical. The width of the valley is from two hundred meters to eighteen kilometers. In the upper reaches the slopes are gentle, and in the lower reaches they are steep, sometimes steep. Meet plowed.
Omi floodplain
The floodplain of the river is two-sided, in some places it is swampy and crossed by individual crests. Below is one-sided. The minimum width of the floodplain is two hundred and fifty meters, the maximum is sixteen and a half kilometers.
Course and current
The width of the Omi channel in low water is from 40 to 84 meters. In some places on the bends - from 110 to 220 m. The depth on the rifts is from 0.3 to 1.5 meters, and on the stretches from 2 to 4.1 m. The current is quiet, its speed is from 0.3 to 1.4 meters per second. The channel is expressedunclear, stretching five kilometers from the source. This segment looks like small extensions in the form of mini-lakes that are connected to each other. And the lower channel is unbranched and very winding.
Features of the river
Om is a river fed by melting snow. The high water begins in May and lasts until July (sometimes inclusive). Freeze-up begins in late October or early November. The ice begins to melt in April or early May. Low-water banks are open, bushes grow wildly on them.
The width of the Omi varies from 15 to 25 meters in the upper reaches, from 150 to 180 meters in the middle, and up to 220 meters in the lower reaches. Depth can vary from half a meter to 5.5 m in the lower reaches and from 0.2 to 3 m in the upper reaches.
In 1982, at the mouth of the river, during work to deepen the bottom, a barge flooded by Kolchak was discovered. There was a sinking in 1918. Artillery ammunition was found on the barge. A bulk dam was erected around the sunken ship. From 1982 to 1984, sappers removed, removed and detonated ammunition found on the river bed.
Near the place where the Om flows into the river. Irtysh, archaeologists have found an ancient settlement called Big Log, with an area of 2500 square meters. Dwellings, implements and ceramics of late Kulai appearance were found. In addition to this log, there are several others that flow into the Om: Ubiennye, Syropyatsky, Kornilov and two Nameless (near the small village of Samarinka and the regional center of Kormilovka).
Ecology
Om is a river that is capricious in spring. She spills heavily and drownsnearby plains. In the eighties, the river even "bloomed", covered with lush vegetation. For the passage of ships, it was necessary to carry out cleaning from pile fields and dams. To disperse stagnant water, hovercraft were launched. They swam to the village of Syropyatsky.
Photos of the Om River show that in recent years it has begun to rapidly shallow. Water enters it from the Vasyugan swamps and Novosibirsk lakes. But every year the inflow is reduced. And there is more and more water scarcity.
In the federal program to provide drinking water to Russian citizens, which was adopted back in 1999, the completion of the construction of the Om-Irtysh canal was put in the first place in the Omsk region. As well as the construction of a reservoir near Kalachinsk.
The main canal was designed and almost built during the Soviet period. It was completed by seventy-five percent. Initially, its development was carried out as part of an irrigation system. This project was approved by the Ministry of Water Resources in 1980, on the twenty-fifth of November. But after a while it was separated into a separate, independent one.
The most important tasks in the construction of the main canal were the water supply of irrigated land plots in the Om riverbed on an area of fifty-one thousand hectares. As well as a constant supply of drinking water to Nizhneomsky, Omsk, Gorky, Kalachinsky and Kormilovsky districts.
The main canal, whose length is 53,900 kilometers, originates two kilometers from the village of Isakovka,located in the Gorky region. The last 14,800 meters fall on the bed of the river. Achairki. Two pumping stations were also built.
