In the Far East of the Russian Federation is the city of Khabarovsk. It is the administrative center of the Khabarovsk Territory and the Far Eastern Federal District of the Russian Federation. In the East, it occupies a leading position in education, culture and politics. It is a large industrial and economic metropolis. Located at a distance of about 30 km from the Chinese border.
Where exactly is Khabarovsk? What is the climate of the city? What is the area of Khabarovsk? Also below are data on the population of the regional capital. It also tells about the economy and describes the districts of Khabarovsk.
General information about the city
Initially, Khabarovsk was located on neutral territory, without borders, between the Russian Federation and China. And only after the general agreement the disputed land was given to the Russian Empire. In 1858 Khabarovsk was founded, and in 1880 it was given the status of a city. Since 2002, it has become part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
The city became the capital of the Khabarovsk Territory. In himlocated the headquarters of the military district, 200 regional federal authorities, as well as the Ministry for the Development of the Far East. He is a member of the Association of Siberian and Far Eastern Cities.
In the center, where Khabarovsk is located, the largest air and railway transport routes intersect. The city is located on the outskirts of the state and in a different time zone. That is why the question arises: "How much from Moscow to Khabarovsk." It is located at a distance of 8 thousand 500 km from the capital of the Russian Federation, if you go by rail, and about 6 thousand km by plane. Today, the transport interchange is well developed. The city has two airports, four railway stations, a river port.
Climate and time zone of Khabarovsk
What is the climate like in the city? Where is Khabarovsk located? The city is located on the southern Middle Amur lowland, where two rivers merge: the Ussuri and the Amur. It is washed by the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk. Its relief is varied. The central part is located on gentle hills (hills) above sea level 70-90 m.
Due to its proximity to the sea, the climate of Khabarovsk is temperate, with warm but rainy summers and cold winters. In winter, the average temperature is around -20 degrees, and the temperature in mid-July is about +21 degrees. The climate of Khabarovsk is of the monsoon type, since there is little snow and cold in winter, and it is warm in summer and it often rains. In January 2011, weather forecasters recorded the lowest temperature -41 degrees. In the summer of 2010, the thermometer showed a maximum temperature of +36.7 degrees.
Time zoneKhabarovsk is located in Vladivostok time and offset by +10 hours Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The difference with the capital of Russia is +7 hours.
Population and area of Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk Territory is the most sparsely populated region of the Russian Federation. This is mainly influenced by the harsh climate, as well as the decline of the economy, which has been going on since the post-Soviet period. In 2017, the population in the region is 1 million 333 thousand 294 people, where the population density is 1.69 people per km².
Despite the difficulties, the population of Khabarovsk increased every year. In 2003, the number of residents was 580 thousand 400 people, and according to analytical estimates in 2017, 616 thousand 242 people live in the regional capital. The city ranks second in terms of population among the cities of the Far East.
The population of Khabarovsk and the Khabarovsk Territory is multinational and diverse. For 2010, the percentage of residents of different nationalities is:
- about 92% are Russians;
- 2, 1% - Ukrainians;
- 0, 8% - Nanais;
- 0, 6% - Koreans, Tatars;
- 0, 4% - Belarusians, Evenks;
- 0, 3% - Chinese.
The bulk (about 65%) of the Far East are workers and students. Many residents have higher education. Children and adolescents make up - 19% of the total population, and pensioners - 16%.
The administration of the city of Khabarovsk is doing its best to improve the conditions for large families in the city: medical care is getting betterservices, accrue financial assistance, improve the he alth of children of low-income families, build playgrounds, plant trees and shrubs in parks, etc.
The area of Khabarovsk is 386 km². The length of the city along the coast is 33 km.
City Mayor
Since September 2000, the Mayor of Khabarovsk has been Alexander Nikolaevich Sokolov. Was selected for 4 years. In 1981, he was appointed head of the industrial and transport department of the Zheleznodorozhny district committee of the party. In 1983 he became the secretary of the party committee of the plant. Gorky, and in 1986 he was appointed director.
In Khabarovsk in 1990, the first democratic elections of the City Council of People's Deputies took place. A. N. Sokolov was elected to the post of deputy and chairman of the city council. His ability to rally strong people around him and his great work capacity helped him win the elections. Already in 1993, he was appointed deputy head of the administration for economic issues.
During the second elections in 2004, A. N. Sokolov took the lead and won 83.84% of the vote. The mayor of Khabarovsk was also elected for a third, fourth term of office and has been in this position to this day.
Administrative division into districts
The city is divided into 4 districts: Central, Northern, Railway and Southern.
The districts are divided into districts of Khabarovsk. There are 5 administrative districts in the city:
- Central is one of the old administrative districts, the center of Khabarovsk. Its area is 9.5 km². He is differentfrom others more developed infrastructure, cleanliness and landscaping. The transport system is well developed. Here are educational, cultural and commercial centers. There is a river station and a central market. In 2017, the number of inhabitants in the district is 96 thousand 155 people.
- Krasnoflotsky is a district with a population of 91,997 inhabitants.
- 53,674 citizens live in the Kirovsky district in 2017.
- 151,990 people live in the Zheleznodorozhny district. It is one of the major districts in the eastern part of the city. It was created in 1938 by order of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. Its territory occupies about 9.6 thousand hectares. There is an airport, railway station, military airfield and bus station.
- The industrial area is the largest. 222 thousand 426 people live in it. Located in the southern part. The district has two main transport roads that cross the city from north to south.
Industrial enterprises and economy
The factories of Khabarovsk make up the main part of the industrial city. There are 86 major enterprises in the industry. Main activities:
- processing production;
- distribution and production of water, electricity and gas;
- communication and transport;
- mechanical engineering;
- metalworking;
- woodworking and fuel industry;
- construction;
- Provision of catering services and trade;
- developed real estate activities.
Because the city needsdevelopment of modern infrastructure and in the construction of housing complexes, the city has a mechanism to attract investment on a long-term basis. In 2008, about 46 million rubles of investments were attracted for construction.
There are about 28 municipal enterprises operating in 7 sectors of the economy. They constitute the economic sector of the administrative center. Their assets amount to 13.1 billion rubles.
The administration of the city of Khabarovsk has developed a strategic development plan until 2020. 60 targeted programs have been prepared, most of which are aimed at economic and social development. For implementation you need:
- creating good, safe conditions for citizens;
- creation of a scientific and technical center in the region;
- formation of trade and transport logistics in the region;
- improving the work of the administrative and political center of the Russian Federation in the Far East.
Rail transport
Railway construction is actively developing in the Far East. The history of the city station still begins with the reign of the great Romanovs. According to historical data, it was they who laid the first stone where the largest railway routes now pass, carrying huge loads and a large number of passengers.
In 1891, the Ussuri railway was built, and already in 1897 a road was laid between Khabarovsk and Vladivostok. The construction of the Amur section of the Trans-Siberian Railway turned the city into a major transport hub. Sothe railway station Khabarovsk-2 appeared. Subsequently, a large Railway District was built.
ZhD station Khabarovsk-1 is a passenger railway station that impresses all visitors with its original architecture. It was opened in 1905. The station is located in the center of the city itself. In its one hundred and tenth year, the station was completely renovated at the expense of the city budget, with the participation of local patrons. From the former station, only the famous monument to E. P. Khabarov, which stands on the station square, remained intact.
City transportation
Khabarovsk is of great international and regional importance in transport communication from the north to the west of the country. The city connects the federal points of the highways "Ussuri", "Amur", "Khabarovsk-Komsomolsk-on-Amur" and "Vostok". Back in 1893, a bus station was built that could support a passenger flow of five hundred passengers per hour. International buses connect the central and eastern regions.
With the help of the Amur River Shipping Company, passenger and freight transportation is carried out along the Amur River. Vessels carry out sea transportation (both cargo and passenger) to remote areas of the Far East Territory. There is a cargo river port in the city, a river station for passengers, and the Khabarovsk fleet repair and maintenance base. Passengers move down the river with the help of the Meteora motor ships, and a series of high-speed Zarya ships go up the Tunguska River. In Soviet times, cruise ships sailed along the Amur River. At present, such ships have already been canceled,however, it is possible that cruise itineraries will return in the future.
The air transport of Khabarovsk is well developed. Air transportation is carried out through the Small and Big airports, which are located ten kilometers from the center of Khabarovsk. In addition, the city has a base for the repair of aircraft. Japan-Europe flights pass through the air traffic controllers zone. Central and Dynamo military airfields are located here.
Trams, trolleybuses, fixed-route taxis and buses run around the city. The length of intracity transport lines is about 500 kilometers. Due to the complex networks of underground rivers and mountainous terrain, no subway was built in the city. Such construction would threaten Khabarovsk, which, with any mistake, could go underground.
Art and culture of the city
Khabarovsk is not only a major industrial center, but also a city of culture in the Far East. It houses the following city museums:
- Regional Museum. It was founded back in 1894 with the help of the Amur Department of the Russian Geographical Society. A stone turtle weighing 6,400 kg was installed in front of the building. In 2005, a new exposition of Amur fish was opened in the museum.
- Museum of Archeology. A. P. Okladnikova.
- Museum of the history of the city. Was opened in 2004. It contains museum exhibits of Khabarovsk from the pre-revolutionary period to modern times.
- Art Museum.
- Military History Museum of the Far Eastern District. Started working in 1983. In himthere are samples of military equipment from different times.
- Museum of the Amur Bridge.
- Art Gallery. Fedotova.
- Museum of the History of Khabarovsk-1 Station.
Since 1978, the Central Library named after M. P. Komarova, as well as its ten branches. A children's library was also built. A. Gaidar and the scientific library of the Academy of Science and Law.
Monuments and squares
There are a lot of squares and monuments in the city. The main square of Khabarovsk - Lenin. It hosts all the parades of the city and celebrates outstanding local holidays. She is recognized as the most beautiful in the city. The central square of Khabarovsk is Glory Square. It was opened in 1975. There is a monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War on it. Komsomolskaya Square is the oldest in the city. In 1923 it was renamed Red Square.
In 2012, the city was awarded the honorary title of the Russian Federation "City of Military Glory". In honor of this title, Stella was erected. Its opening took place in 2015, that is, on the seventieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War. At the foot of the monument, the city administration plans to open a city museum dedicated to the same topic in the near future.
The Black Tulip monument was erected at the Lenin stadium in honor of the soldiers who died in the Afghan war. The famous sculptor Yu. Kukuev became the author of the monument. The "Black Tulip" attracts a lot of attention from tourists, although what can I say - the locals involuntarily look back at the monument, accidentally passing by. Many citizens visit him to honor the memory of their relatives or friends.
Near the stadium there is a monument to the Young Defenders of the City. The monument was built in 2004 in honor of those who died during the Civil War of 1921.
A monument to Captain Ya. Dyachenko was erected on a granite platform. It was built solely on donations from the townspeople. Near the monument is a street named after this man.
Famous landmarks
More than a hundred years ago, the Amur Bridge was built - this engineering miracle is the largest bridge in all of Russia. It has rail and two-way traffic. Connects the banks of the Amur River. This is one of the unique places in the city.
In modern Khabarovsk there are many beautiful places that both tourists and the townspeople like to visit. In 1983, city ponds of amazing beauty were built. They consist of three ponds, which are created in the form of a cascade and are separated by a small dam. Green and shady alleys spread around them. In 2011, light illumination and fountain equipment were installed on the ponds. Now many citizens gather here in the evenings to enjoy the light show, and during the day those who like the pleasant murmur of fountains walk nearby.
Also the embankment of the city. Nevelskoy is an attraction. The Amur cliff is the pride of the townspeople themselves. Local residents often come to this beautiful place to relax with their families, lovers make appointments here, elderly citizens like to walk. Amur cliff is considered especiallya romantic place for lovers and newlyweds, during the "wedding season" newlyweds are photographed here and there, and people believe that visiting this place on their wedding day is a great family happiness. Amur cliff is located in the historical part of Khabarovsk.
On Komsomolskaya Square there is another pride of the Far East - the Grado-Khabarovsk Cathedral of the Assumption of the Mother of God. Every traveler visits it to look at the extraordinary beauty of the architecture of the cathedral. The height of the temple is 50 m. It is clearly visible for the first time at the entrance to the city. The structure was built over ten years, and in 1886 the first service was held in it.
Muravyov-Amursky Street is another well-known landmark of the city, both among locals and tourists not only in Russia, but also from other countries. It is here that the very old houses have been preserved, which stand out sharply against the background of the modern city, reminiscent of the past. There are many cozy restaurants and cafes on the street that offer both coffee and cakes and full meals at affordable prices, and there is also the best cinema in the city. The shops sell Far Eastern souvenirs for tourists.
