The rivers of the Bryansk region entangle the territory with a dense water network. Their total length is 9 thousand kilometers. In total, there are 129 rivers and streams in the region. A large number is the result of the favorable influence of the climate. A characteristic feature is the uneven location, due to the combination of flat and hilly surfaces. The main number of rivers is located in the east and in the central part of the region. The rivers Snov, Iput and Besed flow in the northwest and southwest.
Watershed of the Black Sea and Caspian Seas
Most of the rivers of the Bryansk region belong to the basins of the Black and Caspian Seas. Their conditional watershed passes near the village of Vatogovo along the Resseta River. It flows into the Oka, and that, in turn, carries water into the Volga, which belongs to the Caspian basin. It also includes Tson, Vytebet and Lubna, which are tributaries of the Oka. Most of the rivers flowing through the Bryansk region flow into the Dnieper or its tributaries, and belong to the Black Sea basin.
Feeding rivers
The main food of all rivers comes from melting snow. During the spring flood, the rivers overflow widely, the average annual volume of water increases by 10-20 times, the water flow is up to 60% of the total annual flow. Ground and rain feeding is 20% of the total. In dry times, rivers are fed by groundwater, which dramatically affects their full flow. In the hot summer, watercourses become shallow, their flow does not exceed 10% of the total annual flow. Rivers break up from ice in early April, and freeze in December.
Large rivers of the Bryansk region
The list of rivers in the Bryansk region is quite impressive. But for the most part, these are small streams that are tributaries of larger watercourses. We will name significant, except for the Desna, Iput, Conversations, which we will dwell on in a little more detail. In addition to them, rivers flow through the territory of the Bryansk region:
- Chatter. A tributary of the Desna, which is about 200 kilometers long.
- Judgment. A tributary of the Desna, 195 kilometers long.
- Nerussa. A tributary of the Desna, 182 kilometers long.
- Navlya. A tributary of the Desna, 126 kilometers long.
- Vetma. The tributary of the Desna is 112 kilometers long.
- Ivotka. The Vit tributary is a branch of the Desna. Length 94 kilometers.
- Gabya. Desna tributary – 74 kilometers.
- Crow. A tributary of the Iputi, 73 kilometers long.
Rivers andthe lakes of the Bryansk region are places for fishing and decoration of the land. The Desna and its tributaries are buried in the greenery of the forests surrounding them. In spring, it is shrouded in cherry blossoms. But in beauty it is in no way inferior to its tributaries - Navlya, Sudost, Boltva.
Desna
Is the largest in the Bryansk region. The Desna River originates in the hills of the Smolensk-Moscow ridge and is located in marshy places called Golubev mokh, not far from the village of Nalety, which is located ten kilometers from Yelnya, Smolensk region. Carries its waters to the Dnieper. Its mouth is located 6 kilometers from Kyiv. This is the largest tributary of the Dnieper. The current flows in the direction from northeast to southwest.
The length of the Gums is 1187 kilometers. The width in the channel is 50-180 meters, in the floodplain - 4-6 kilometers. The maximum depth is 12 meters. It receives the main tributaries mostly from the left bank. These are the rivers Snezhit, Nerussa, Bolva, Navlya and others. From the right bank, Snov, Sudost, Gabya flow into it.
In the upper reaches of the river, the banks are low-lying, swampy. Down from Bryansk, the right bank rises, there are many oxbow lakes and a channel. The river is frozen from early December to early April.
Cities and towns on the Desna
The places where the waters of the Desna flow have a rich history. It is on its banks that the ancient Russian cities of Chernigov, Bryansk, Trubchevsk and Novgorod-Siversky are located. Trade routes to the Dnieper cities, to the Don across the Seim River, to the Ora and further along the Bolva to the Volga passed along the Desna. Merchants inforest places were exchanged for goods the skins of wild animals, honey, furs, and all this was taken to the lower reaches of the river, to the Dnieper. Today, the watercourse in the lower channel is partly navigable.
Before the revolution, ships loaded with white and semi-white glass, crystal products, enamelware, cast iron products, which were produced in the territory of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province, sailed along the Desna. In recent years, due to changing climatic conditions and human activities, in particular deforestation in the river floodplain, the water level in the Desna has dropped significantly. Navigation became almost impossible. But at present, measures have been developed to save the largest river in the Bryansk region.
And the path
It ranks second in the region in terms of length, which is 475 kilometers, as well as in terms of basin area - more than 10 thousand square kilometers. The Iput is the left tributary of the Sozh River, which is the second largest and most watery left tributary of the Dnieper, the most beautiful river in Belarus and the Bryansk region.
It can be included in the description of the river that it originates in the swampy places of the Smolensk region, flows through the Bryansk region and further through Belarus, where it flows into Sozh near the city of Gomel.
A characteristic feature is the fact that it has no significant tributaries on the right side. On the left side, Nadva, Voronus, Unecha and others carry their waters into it. The average width of the channel is 40-80 meters, the depth is 1-1.5 meters. It is a very slow river that flows through flat terrain with a slight slope.
Talk
Third in length (260 km) and water basin (more than 7 thousand square meters). Many lakes and swamps are located in the floodplain of the river. It flows through a plain covered with pine and oak forests. This is a tributary of the Sozh River. It flows through the north-west of the region and is replenished by many tributaries, both from the left and right banks.
Etymology of river names
The origin of the names of rivers in the Bryansk region still causes some controversy among linguists. Some see Iranian roots in the formation of river names, others found B altic ones. If we take into account the latter, then the origin of the name of the river Besed can be explained as besti - to carry. This suggests that ancient people used the river as a means of transportation. The name of the river Iput is derived from the B altic py;(-u)ti - to soak.
Floodplain lakes
There are 49 large lakes on the territory of the Bryansk region, which by origin can be floodplain, hollow and dammed. Among the floodplain lakes are oxbow lakes, which remained on the old riverbeds. They usually have an oblong shape, elongated in the direction of the old river channel.
There are many such lakes in the floodplains of the Desna River. They surprise with their discreet beauty, and attract fishing enthusiasts. Their food is mixed, it consists of groundwater and precipitation. During floods, they connect with rivers. After the descent, the waters are high in water, but by the middle of summer their level decreases. The largest of them are Kozhany, Bechino, Orekhovoe,Markovo, Boroven, Horsetail, Khotnya and others.
Hollow lakes
They are formed as a result of karst, relic faults or depressions in the earth's crust, which are filled with water after rains and snow melt. The most beautiful is Lake Svyatoe, which has a water surface area of 16 hectares. It is located near the railway station Rzhanica.
Another no less interesting lake is located in the Zhukovsky district and is called Bezdonnoe. It is not called so in vain, its depth reaches 20 meters in some places. Area - 20 hectares. The water in it is very clean and transparent. It is surrounded on three sides by an old mixed forest, most of which is made up of tall pines.
Many in the Bryansk region and artificial lakes, which appeared as a result of dams on the rivers. They're big. So Beloberezskoye has an area of 300 hectares, and Batyshsky Pond 260 hectares. All lakes have a lot of fish and excellent bite, which attracts a large number of fishermen and lovers of beautiful places.
