Ivanovskaya Square of the Moscow Kremlin is one of the oldest places in the capital. It is a landmark of the central part of the city. The article will tell about Ivanovskaya Square in Moscow, its history, features and interesting facts.
History
Ivanovskaya Square of the Moscow Kremlin dates back to 1329. It was built near the church of John of the Ladder, which was built of stone. This temple, in fact, divided the single area of the city into two parts. One of them, the eastern one, was called the same as the church - Ioannovskaya (hereinafter Ivanovskaya), and the western one - Cathedral.
In the 14th-15th centuries, on the eastern and southern sides, there were courts of princes (specific), which belonged to the Moscow House. From the northern side, buildings related to the Chudov Monastery, which was founded in 1365, overlooked the square.
During the reign of Grand Duke Ivan III, a significant part of the princely courts, located on Ivanovskaya Square of the Moscow Kremlin, became the property of the treasury. Afterwhy they were distributed for the arrangement of courts to the sovereign's servants of various ranks. Most of them were representatives of noble and boyar families.
Square in the 16th century
At the beginning of the 16th century, near the church of St. John of the Ladder on the Ivanovskaya Square of the Kremlin, the so-called deacons' huts were created. In their place, during the reign of Boris Godunov, the first building of orders made of stone was built. Orders, like deacon's chambers, were governing bodies.
From this period, the square becomes one of the most frequently visited, crowded and bustling places in Moscow. People came here with petitions from all over Russia. The clerks (civil servants) in the square loudly read out the orders of the king. An interesting fact is that it was from here that the well-known phraseological unit appeared in the Russian language, according to which, if they behave noisily, it means that they “shout all over Ivanovskaya”. Quite often, various corporal punishments were carried out on convicts who violated the law on Ivanovskaya Square of the Moscow Kremlin.
Square in the 17th century
In the 17th century, next to the bell tower of Ivan the Great, a special room was arranged, in which there were clerks. With them, everyone who wished had the opportunity to draw up a petition for a small fee or draw up a document that had valid legal force. Starting from the middle of the 17th century, a special architectural appearance of Ivanovskaya Square developed, but later, however, it was irretrievably lost.
The main architectural structure in the square,as before, there was a bell tower of Ivan the Great. Close to it were the Filaretova and Assumption belfries. In front of the belfries stood miniature churches dedicated to the martyr Christopher, as well as the Chernigov miracle workers. On the south side of the church buildings was a long wing of the clerk's chambers, consisting of two tiers and shaped like the letter "P".
Second half of the 17th century
In the 2nd half of the 17th century. Behind the orders, across a small lane, was a courtyard with stone chambers of the Mstislavsky boyars. Here was the church of Guria, Simon and Aviv. Immediately behind the courtyard of the Mstislavskys, the temple of Nikolai Gostunsky was erected. From this church began a street that led to the Frolovsky Gates of the Kremlin. On the other side of the street was the courtyard and the stone chambers of boyar Morozov. The buildings of the Miracle Monastery adjoined his courtyard, and a street called Bolshaya Nikolskaya immediately began. She walked to the Kremlin gates of the same name.
New look of the square
By the end of the 17th century, the general image and appearance of Ivanovskaya Square in the Kremlin was changing dramatically. In place of the old ones, new buildings of orders are being erected, not only the buildings of the old ordering chambers, but also all nearby buildings are being dismantled. Including the ancient temples that stood on the square, as well as most of the court of the Mstislavsky boyars were dismantled.
In 1680, the reconstruction of the Miracle Monastery began. The new extensive and fraternal refectories, which were erected at the monastery church of Metropolitan Alexei, receive their own exit to the square. At the same time, they become an integral part of the updated architectural appearance.square.
Square in the 18th and 19th centuries
The courtyard of the boyar Morozov was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Chudov Monastery. It was decided to build a bishop's house for the new head of the Moscow diocese. The building, built in a new style by the famous architect M. Kazakov, was completed in 1770. At the time when Catherine II ruled, large-scale plans were developed for the overhaul of part of the Kremlin. It was they who launched the phased destruction to which the old appearance of the described square in the Kremlin was subjected.
In the 70s of the 18th century, in connection with the planned construction of new buildings and structures of the Grand Kremlin Palace, the clerks' chambers built in the 17th century were demolished. In 1817, the Church of Nikolai Gostunsky was also dismantled, and its main altar was moved to the Ivan the Great Bell Tower.
Extraordinary aura
During the reign of Alexander II, the construction of the Small Nikolaevsky Palace was completed, which began to be built back in 1851 on the site of the bishop's house. As you know, the talented architect K. Ton was the author of the project for the new palace. The new architectural image of Ivanovskaya Square in the Kremlin was completed by the installation of a monument to Alexander II "The Liberator".
After the revolution, this monument was dismantled, and the Grand Kremlin Square was created in its place and the adjacent territory. In 1929, it was decided to dismantle the Chudov Monastery, and with it the Small Nikolaevsky Palace. Later on the liberated land wasthe Kremlin administrative building was erected. In 2016, it suffered the same fate as its predecessors and was also dismantled.
Photos on Ivanovskaya Square of the Moscow Kremlin began to enjoy great popularity among tourists after President Vladimir Putin recorded New Year's addresses to the citizens of Russia in this place from 2000 to 2007. Today the square is one of the sights of the Kremlin. At any time of the year, you can meet quite a lot of tourists from around the world here. Ivanovskaya Square in Moscow (in the Kremlin) attracts Muscovites and guests of the city with its unusual architecture and peculiar aura.
