In the south of the Rostov region, on the territory of the Remontnensky and Orlovsky districts, as well as on the shores of the picturesque lake Manych-Gudilo, there is the Rostov Museum-Reserve.
The wide steppe makes a great impression on all guests. In spring, it blooms with carpets of bright wildflowers. In the summer - delicate silky threads of feather grass and noisy bird colonies. In autumn, it is sad to say goodbye to birds that, having gathered in flocks, leave their native places and fly south. In winter, wild mustang horses rush through the snow-covered steppes.
Rostovsky reserve has the status of a federal one. It is located on 9.5 hectares of Don land. It can be divided into four sections:
- Gypsy-Hak.
- Starikovsky.
- Red Partisan.
- Island.
The desire to preserve the amazing flora and fauna forced the local authorities to create a reserve in these places. Especially valuable are wild tulips, which fascinate with their beauty. And the wild feather grass growing here is listed in the Red Book. Wild animals that live in the Don steppes also need protection.
History
Reserves of the Rostov region were an old dream of many scientists and researchers. Great work in the study of the landscape and natural conditions of the Don steppes was done at the end of the 19th century by the great soil scientist V. V. Dokuchaev. He was the first to analyze the ecological situation that has developed in the region as a result of human activities. Already in those days, the scientist insisted on creating protected areas in the Don steppes. The same question was raised by scientists throughout the 20th century. Finally, in December 1995, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on the creation of a steppe reserve was published.
Specially protected natural areas
Such zones (SPNA) are very important for the conservation and restoration of natural resources. There are quite a lot of natural complexes that need special care on the Don. Among them:
- Rostovsky Biosphere Reserve;
- Gornensky Reserve;
- Tsimlyansky nature reserve
- Natural park "Donskoy".
Nature
The vegetation of the steppes, formed on the terraces of Manych, has characteristic features and is defined as valley steppes. This is due to the peculiarities of these lands, which have retained traces of meadow origin, while the steppe process has not been completed. These lands are characterized by dryness, pronounced complexity and existing s alt-tolerant communities in the complexes.
Flora
Very diverse vegetation is differentRostov nature reserve. 410 species are registered on its territory. The main families are cereals, Asteraceae, legumes, haze, cruciferous, cloves, and labiales. Everyone is familiar with such representatives of Compositae as dandelion or yarrow.
The grass family is represented by feather grass (Lessinga, hairy, Sarepta, Ukrainian).
Beans - peas (Olbia, four-seeded, hairy), camel's thorn.
Shepherd's purse, as well as common colza, belong to the cruciferous family. Six species of quinoa and three species of sage are representatives of haze and labiales.
Not all nature reserves of the Rostov region have rare species on their territory that are protected in Russia. And in "Rostovsky" there are six such types:
- Schrenk Tulip;
- feather grass:
- Sarmatian Bellevalia;
- Volga Maikaragan;
- pygmy killer whale;
- Lessing's feather grass.
Fauna
In terms of numbers, animals inhabiting the Rostov Reserve are not inferior to plants. Three species of amphibians have been recorded in this area - the spadefoot, the lake frog, and the green toad. In addition, there are eight species of reptiles in the reserve - a quick lizard, a marsh turtle, an ordinary snake, a four-striped snake, a water snake, a steppe viper.
Birds are the most numerous in quantitative and species terms, found in the area of the reserve. It should be noted that birds very subtly feel all the processesthat take place in the environment. This is characterized by a decrease or increase in the distribution area, fertility, nesting density, etc. Birds often become indicators of the general state of the environment. According to the latest data, about 217 species of birds have been registered in the reserve and adjacent lands. 127 of them nest in these areas, 61 species appear here during flights, 16 species of birds winter in these parts.
Rostov Museum-Reserve has more than fifty species of mammals. They are divided into seven groups:
- insectivores - hedgehogs (eared, common);
- bats (Mediterranean, evening red bat);
- predators (raccoon dog, polecat, fox, wolf);
- artiodactyls (roe deer, elk, saiga);
- artiodactyls (feral domestic horses live on Vodny Island);
- rodents (large jerboa, small ground squirrel, forest mouse);
- hare (hare-hare).
Rare animals
Traveling through the reserve will allow you to see quite rare animals. To date, invertebrates are still poorly studied. Insects included in the Red Book of Russia are represented by the steppe bumblebee, the Armenian and steppe bumblebee, the Hungarian ground beetle, etc. In addition, here you can meet the short-winged bolivarium, motley ascalaf.
In the Red Book of the Russian Federation, birds living in the area of the reserve are widely represented.
OrganizationThe reserve allowed to positively influence the restoration of natural ecosystems. The number of migratory and nomadic individuals (the demoiselle crane, gray goose, white-fronted and red-throated goose and others) has significantly increased. Scientists believe that this is due to the creation of a calm zone in these places.
What to see
Reserves and parks of Russia provide an excellent opportunity to enjoy the nature of native places, to see rare and sometimes endangered animals.
It is better to start exploring the Rostov Reserve from one of the prepared routes - "Mysteries of the Manych Valley" or "Azure Flower".
During a fascinating excursion you will learn the history of the nature reserve, get acquainted with its flora and fauna, see the beautiful lake Manych-Gudilo, learn about the herd of feral horses, learn about the features of afforestation.
Reserves of the Rostov region
On the Don land, much attention is paid to the protection and protection of the environment. The map of the Rostov region, which we posted in this article, will help you find the shortest route to the Tsimlyansky nature reserve.
It is located in the Kuchugury tract, in the zone of the Tsimlyansk reservoir. Forest plantations are typical for this region trees - poplar, pine, birch, acacia, willow.
The animal world is represented by wild boar, roe deer, elk, fox, hare.
Donskoy Park
The map of the Rostov region will help you find where another very interesting place is located. It is located in the Small Bend of the Don. Consists of two plots - "Island"and Don Delta. The total area is 44.12 thousand hectares.
Steppe spaces give way to coniferous-deciduous forests and wetlands.
Tanais
This museum-reserve is located 35 km southwest of Rostov. It was created on the basis of excavations of the settlement and the necropolis of Tanais, the center of ancient civilization. The sites of the ancient city, which have already been studied by archaeologists, are an open-air exposition.
