Zabaikalsky Krai is a region of Eastern Siberia, which is famous not only for its unique natural phenomena, but also for its hospitable population. A huge number of tourists come here every year to see the Chara Sands with their own eyes and improve their he alth in one of the many resorts. The healing mineral waters of Transbaikalia will help to cope with any disease.
How did the region come about?
Zabaikalsky Krai can be called a relatively young region. The first people appeared here no more than 35 thousand years ago. The first settlements were discovered near the current capital.
Establishment of the Trans-Baikal Territory began with the merger of the Buryat Autonomous Okrug and the Chita Region in 2007. The heads of local self-government addressed an official letter to the President of the Russian Federation. The official creation date of the region is March 11, 2007. On this day, a referendum was held. The people had to express their opinion on the unification of several administrative units in the Trans-Baikal Territory. The capital of the region was chosen a little later.
Today Transbaikalia isThis is a fairly large region in which people of various nationalities live. According to the latest population census, the total population of the Trans-Baikal Territory is 1,087,479 people. The most populated is the central part of the region. But in the northern part, the settlement is rather weak.
Chita
Several regions are merged into the Trans-Baikal Territory. They have the same capital. The city of Chita with a population of more than 300 thousand people was chosen as the center of the region. The village got its name due to the river that flows nearby. Chita and today is the real pride of Transbaikalia.
The capital has a sharply continental climate with a characteristic temperature regime. In winter, the average temperature here is about 25 degrees Celsius below zero. Summers are warm and humid. The temperature rarely rises above 20 degrees Celsius. The warmest period in Chita lasts only 77 days.
The capital is in the Irkutsk time zone. Relative to Moscow time, the offset is 5 hours.
The Government of the Trans-Baikal Territory is located in Chita. And local self-government is represented by the Duma of the city district, as well as the local city administration. The head of administration is the mayor, who is elected by the people.
Chita is not just the center of Transbaikalia, but a real cultural capital. There are a huge number of museums and theaters here. The visitor will be able to get great pleasure, walking through the streets. ancientthe architecture of the city is impressive. And in spring and summer, Chita hosts many festivals that attract tourists not only from Russia, but also from other neighboring countries.
Government of the Trans-Baikal Territory
The highest official of the region is the Governor, who is elected for a term of 5 years. Only the Legislative Assembly, consisting of 50 deputies, can appoint the head. Elections of members of the representative body of government also take place every five years. The executive authority is the Government of the Trans-Baikal Territory, headed by the Governor.
The first Governor of Transbaikalia was elected only on February 5, 2008. They became Ravil Geniatulin. A little later, elections of deputies to the representative body of power were held. Some members of the Legislative Assembly were elected from party lists. Some deputies were able to get into the government in single-member districts.
The laws of the Trans-Baikal Territory appear due to the representative body of power. If the majority of deputies vote for a particular project, it is referred to the governor for signature. The law comes into force only when it is approved by the highest official of the region.
Regions of the Trans-Baikal Territory
The Trans-Baikal Territory includes 31 districts. These include 10 cities, 41 urban-type settlements, and 750 rural settlements. Such administrative-territorial division explains the main employment of the population. Most of the inhabitants of Transbaikalia live in villages. Thanks to good black soil and clean air, farmers have a good income.
The largest settlement in the region is Chita. The second place is occupied by the city of Krasnokamensk. About 50 thousand people live here. The population in most cities and towns does not exceed 20 thousand people.
Development of the region
Like the rest of Russia, Zabaikalsky Krai has good economic indicators. A huge amount of chernozem makes it possible to develop agriculture perfectly. Most of the products consumed by the local population are produced in Transbaikalia.
Thanks to a significant number of rivers and lakes, the region has huge hydropower potential. But, unfortunately, to date, very little work has been done in this area. Much emphasis is placed on other areas of the economy. The excellent development of the Trans-Baikal Territory is due to large reserves of valuable precious metals, copper, tin, molybdenum, and polymetallic ores. The main base of the Russian nuclear industry is also located in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
The development of the region is also characterized by a good educational base. Zabaikalsk (Zabaikalsky Krai) is famous for its three higher educational institutions. More than 7,000 students can study here at the same time. This is the pride of not only the region, but the entire Russian Federation. After all, university graduates receive a really high-quality education thanks to a good teaching staff. A lot of attention is paid to the sports development of youth.
He alth care in the region
Todaymore than 120 medical institutions operate in Transbaikalia. Assistance to patients is provided by qualified doctors with higher medical education. In this regard, the Trans-Baikal Territory can be called quite developed. The capital of the region is famous for educational institutions that successfully treat oncological diseases.
In rural areas, people are assisted in feldsher-obstetric stations. Here they take births and make prescriptions for the treatment of simple diseases. In difficult cases, the patient is sent to the district center or the capital.
Religion
In terms of religion, the Trans-Baikal Territory can be called quite versatile. Today, there are still traditional beliefs of ancient peoples - shamanism, totemism and fetishism. Some indigenous people practice Islam and Judaism.
With the advent of the Russian-speaking population in the territory of modern Transbaikalia in the 17th century, Orthodoxy also came here. The first Church of the Resurrection was built in 1670. It has survived to this day.
Nature in Transbaikalia
The relief of the region is represented by both mountains and plains. In the northern part of the Trans-Baikal Territory there are many mountains, but in the south the steppe prevails. The mountainous area is dominated by forests. The Department of the Trans-Baikal Territory reports that in 2006 the total area of the forest fund was more than 34 thousand hectares. This is 67% of the total area of the entire region. Thanks to the forests, the air in Transbaikalia is clean and fresh. Many resort areas are located in pine forests.
FamousTransbaikalia also has its own water resources. The largest rivers are Shilka, Onon, Khilok, Argun. But the largest groups of lakes include the Torey and Kuando-Char lakes.
Good mineral resources contribute to the high level of the economy of the Trans-Baikal Territory. On the territory of the region are concentrated reserves of silver and copper in large quantities. More than 2% of the total Russian coal reserves are also concentrated in Transbaikalia.
Tourism in the Trans-Baikal Territory
The whole region is divided into several tourist areas. The southwest is considered the most popular with visitors. Huge attention of tourists is attracted by the Sokhondinsky Reserve. Entire hikes with overnight stays in the open are organized here. In summer, tourists travel by kayak, and in winter - on skis. The mountainous terrain also attracts many. But only experienced tourists can afford to climb the hill.
Southeast attracts sports tourists much less. Despite this, there are many natural and cultural attractions. What are the monuments of the Buryat national culture - Aginsky datsan, Tsugolsky datsan. In the Alkhanai National Park, every tourist will be able to relax body and soul. There are many monuments here that will tell about the history and culture of Transbaikalia.
The Trans-Baikal Territory is famous for its beautiful architecture. The capital shows the contrast of antiquity and modern times. Near the old buildings are modern buildings and cottages.
North of Transbaikalia attracts tourists with mountainous terrain. Climbing to the highest point of Transbaikalia - Peak Bam is organized. The ridge is characterized by difficult passes and turbulent rivers. Therefore, it is not recommended to go here on your own.
Attractions
Natural complexes are very popular in the region. Every year, many tourists come to the Sokhondninsky and Daursky reserves. There are such sights here as the Charsky Sands tract, Lamsky town, Polosatik rock.
Buddhist centers are of great interest to tourists. Their age exceeds 200 years. It is here that the most ancient architectural monuments of the Buryat people have been preserved. It will be interesting for tourists to look at the building of the cathedral temple of Tsokchen-dugan, as well as numerous incense burners. Tourists have vivid impressions after attending a service in the temple.
