Subsidized regions are those subjects of the Russian Federation that receive funds from the federal budget of the Russian Federation without the need to return them free of charge. The purpose of spending subsidies in the law of the Russian Federation is not specified, so the region can dispose of them at its discretion.
On the other hand, the state directs budget funds to support local producers. Such can be any large enterprises whose significance for the entire territory of Russia is quite large. For example, enterprises for the extraction of minerals in the Republic of Sakha (these are subsidized regions). The list of the top 20 leading regions in Russia is presented below.
Regions of Russia receiving subsidized transfers
It is most convenient to present this kind of information in the form of a table indicating the volume of gratuitous transfers received from the Budget Center.
The table shows data for 2013 on the volume of subsidies received without a breakdown by type.
| Name of the subject of the Russian Federation | Total subsidies |
| Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 53 248113500 |
| Tambov region | 9 897685000 |
| Ivanovo Region | 9 093459900 |
| Kabardino-Balkaria | 8 802198900 |
| Republic of North Ossetia | 8 792985800 |
| Rostov region | 8 595357800 |
| Magadan region | 8 380566400 |
| Republic of Ingushetia | 8 366168800 |
| Kurgan region | 8 162312100 |
| Chuvashia | 7 759751100 |
| Kirov region | 7 726665500 |
| Primorsky Krai | 7 416408700 |
| Republic of Altai | 7 374648900 |
|
Arkhangelsk Region |
7 330017700 |
| Penza Region | 7 198034700 |
| Karachay-Cherkess Republic | 6 807642500 |
| Voronezh Region | 6 711864900 |
| Saratov region | 6 636746600 |
| Republic of Mari El | 6 137821900 |
| Bryansk region | 5 926866700 |
Data for 2013 are disappointing - 79 out of 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation were included in the list of subsidized regions of Russia. They received state subsidies to equalize the budget. This happened due to many factors, including:
- decrease in subsidizing of regional budgets.
- growth in the total mass of non-transparent subsidies aimed at adjusting the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
The table shows that Yakutia received the largest amount of subsidies from the federal budget. But can such an amount be called a subsidy at all? The answer to the question is not as obvious as one would like. The fact is that most of the funds of the Federal Center are directed to Yakutia for the development of new mineral deposits, on which the Russian economy is still heavily dependent - this is oil and gas. And of course, the construction of the main oil pipeline "Eastern Siberia - the Pacific Ocean" had a significant impact on the amount of transfer to the republic.
Where does the money go?
The government sends subsidies to those regions in which certain state programs are implemented in accordance with the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
They can be related to the social sphere, for example, the construction of sports facilities, as was the case in Sochi (data on subsidies for 2014 will be later), or programs fordevelopment of medicine in the region, for example, the construction of cancer centers in the northern regions of Russia.
Thinking out loud
There is another interesting feature associated with the receipt of subsidies by the regions. Subsidized regions are territorially remote regions and districts. The greater the distance from Moscow, the more funds they receive. But this information cannot be confirmed by anything. Subsidized regions are those entities that receive a free transfer and have this right to it. The calculation is made by analyzing more than 200 indicators and comparing the results with standard indicators.
The distribution of funds received from transfers in terms of the implementation of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation is controlled by the Accounts Chamber. At the same time, regions that have not fulfilled their obligations, with a high degree of probability, may not receive the required amount next year.
New subsidies to Crimea and Sevastopol. Current situation
The accession of Sevastopol and Crimea to the Russian Federation took more than 2 months. back.
At the moment, the number of subjects of the Russian Federation is 85 units. The tax legislation of Russia and Ukraine is built on a different principle. In Russia, 90% of an organization's tax deductions (i.e., income tax) remain in the budget of the region in which it operates. In Ukraine, this kind of tax deductions are sent to the state treasury in full. This leaves the region with nothing.
On the topic of Crimea
Everyone knows that Crimea is the firstqueue - resort. Accordingly, its entire infrastructure is designed for vacationers. Restaurants, cafes, hotels and mini-boarding houses used to pay taxes to the state budget of Ukraine. Now Russia needs time to change the legislation and establish ways to follow it for private entrepreneurs and legal entities.
Therefore, the question of whether Crimea is a subsidized region or not is on everyone's lips. After accession, an assessment was made of the security of the budget of each autonomous republic (Crimea and Sevastopol). The result was the conclusion that Crimea needs subsidies just like the Caucasus region.
What will change in Crimea?
New subsidized regions are Sevastopol and Crimea. They will have to provide the required level of salaries for state employees (teachers, doctors, policemen, etc.). As for the provision of Crimea and Sevastopol with resources (gas, electricity and water), so far all this Crimea and Sevastopol receive from Ukraine. Therefore, at one time in the media there were statements by Ukraine about the non-payment of bills for these benefits by Russia and Crimea in particular. Agriculture was on the verge of collapse, as the fields dried up, the harvest was in jeopardy. But the Russian authorities have settled this issue. To date, new water towers have already been equipped in Crimea, which will be able to meet the needs of the entire peninsula for irrigation.
Crimea - subsidized region or not? Since the able-bodied population of Crimea will replenish the budget of the Russian Federation with their deductions, and the peninsula will become the center of Russian tourism and willflourish, it will be possible to know about it only in the future. No conclusions can be drawn now regarding the prospects for the development of the peninsula. But we can assume the following trend: large sums will be transferred free of charge to the treasury of the autonomous republics of Crimea and Sevastopol for their development. The state will also support the regions to improve the investment climate and attract investors.
List of subsidized regions of Ukraine 2014
Recently, the Ukrainian newspaper "Capital" published data on the distribution of subsidies by regions of Ukraine. Below are the subsidized regions of Ukraine. The data is in ascending order, from smallest to largest.
1. Chernihiv region – UAH 1,370,000.
2. Kirovohrad region – UAH 1,470,000.
3. Kharkiv region – about UAH 3,200,000.
4. Odessa region – about UAH 3,200,000.
5. Lviv region – UAH 3,920,000.
6. Dnipropetrovsk region – UAH 4,040,000.
7. Donetsk region – UAH 5,090,000.
Of course, the list of subsidized regions of Ukraine is not complete. According to official sources, only a few regions fulfill their budget in full and do not need subsidies from Kyiv.
Finally
There are problems in every state. Recent world events, unrest and non-recognition until now by the authorities of Ukraine of the adjoining Sevastopol and Crimeanpeninsulas to the territory of Russia - all these factors, albeit indirectly, still complicate the life of ordinary citizens. Crimeans and Sevastopol residents want to work and feed their children, many of them are simple pensioners, they want peace in their old age. All these people, like the citizens of Russia, are largely far from politics and tend to draw conclusions only from publicly available information. But, as you know, the media of each state interprets all events solely in their own interests, so the townsfolk can only talk about world events while sitting over a cup of tea. Russians did not become worse after the annexation of two autonomous regions.
