Delegation is, in fact, a change in the subject responsible for any area of activity or task. This process takes place in many areas of human life. So, parents, sending a child for bread, entrust him with a simple household task. At the same time, the performer receives instructions (as a rule, about the degree of freshness of the purchased product and the number of its units), financial resources and, possibly, remuneration (“buy something for change”). This simple example illustrates the delegation process.
Why is delegation so necessary? This is easily explained by the need to perform many tasks every day. A person, an organization, a power structure - the success or effectiveness of each of these entities depends on the quality and speed of the implementation of the relevant functions.
Within the family, delegation is a process that does not have a formal fixing. Rather, it is a custom, the observance of which by all members of the “cell of society”, helps relatives to meet the needs that they face with the highest quality.daily. So, a woman who is late at work can delegate to her husband the responsibility of preparing dinner. A student who is not able to assess the correctness of his homework, can transfer this "authority" to one of the parents or other older relatives.
The essence of the procedure, which is repeated daily in each family, is similar to that which takes place in organizations. However, in the latter case, delegation is a permanent process, the rules for which are reflected in the official documents of the enterprise. In other words, if a manager is faced with a legal difficulty, he assigns responsibility for resolving the problem to the head of the legal department, who can transfer the task to his competent subordinate.
So, "redirecting" the task to a third party in the family and in the company differs in the degree of formalization of the process, the scale of the consequences and, consequently, the degree of responsibility. However, in both cases, delegation is the transfer of routine duties, specialized work and authority to resolve preparatory issues.
At the state level, redirecting responsibility is much more difficult than in the cases described. Delegation of authority is a bureaucratic process in this situation. It requires coordination in various instances and a long time.
Essentially, state power arose as a result of delegation. Sovereign peopletransfers powers to bodies through free expression of will - elections, referendum.
Delegation of power to municipal authorities is a necessity without which it is impossible to imagine the effective management of such a huge state as Russia. Historical experience proves that the centralization of a unitary state leads to bureaucratization, the scale of which, obviously, is directly proportional to the size of the country's territory.
