In any country in the world, the population is heterogeneous. The incomes of different strata of society differ significantly. There is a so-called low-income class of the population that needs support. Determining exactly who needs social support is not always easy. At present, there are about fifty categories of the population that receive assistance in one form or another. In general terms, we can say that these are the people who cannot take care of themselves. Often their income is beyond the minimum subsistence level. Let's try to determine how the social support of the population is expressed.
Pensions
- Pensions for older people depend on their years of service and lifetime wages. Every month the employer makes transfers to the Pension Fund. From these, the amount of the pension is calculated in the future. Be that as it may, but even with a low level of income, each person, upon reaching a certain age, has the right to receive funds in an amount that is not less than the minimum established by the state. This money is paid fromstate.
- Disability pensions are paid on medical grounds. Their size is affected by the disability group and the ability or inability to work.
- Survivor's pensions are paid to children under eighteen years of age, as well as to students of educational institutions under 24 years of age whose parent or guardian has died.
Social benefits
- May be paid to fatherless mothers.
- Unemployed people registered with the employment center receive cash payments close to their last salary. But this situation lasts only a few months, later the amount decreases.
Scholarships
The amount of this payment depends on a particular educational institution (for example, cadets of military academies receive a larger amount compared to students of civilian universities), student performance, and their social status. Also, various nominal scholarships are allocated to especially talented students.
Medical assistance
Social support is also expressed in free medicine. Although not all services the state can pay in full. Therefore, there is he alth insurance, compulsory and voluntary. It also consists in deductions by the employer of certain amounts to off-budget funds.
Non-cash social support
Single old people with no one to talk aboutcare, they can expect to live in a nursing home, where they will be provided with food and medical care. There are also social services that visit the elderly or people with disabilities several times a week, bring food, help cook, and clean up. Social support for the unemployed also consists in free training for them in a new speci alty, providing the opportunity to attend advanced training courses.
There are many other types of government assistance to needy people. Social support is an extremely urgent problem that concerns many aspects of public life and requires a comprehensive solution.
