Reservoirs are an integral part of natural landscapes. Long-term variability of the characteristics of the state of the ecosystem and spatial heterogeneity are the main features of artificial reservoirs. The Kama reservoir operates in a special hydroecological regime, due to the possibility of regulating the water level. This determines the specifics of formation, accumulation, distribution and the qualitative component of sediments.
History of Creation
The cascade of the Kama reservoirs was formed as a result of the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the Kama River after the completion of the dam. Several settlements were located in the area of flooding, as well as such large industrial enterprises as the Chermozsky metallurgical, Polaznensky ironworks and iron foundries. Permskaya GRES was built on the bank of the reservoir.
Shoaling of reservoirs
Russian authorities are faced with the annual shallowing of the rivers of the European part of the state. According to experts, water rots in half-empty reservoirs, protective engineering structuresare destroyed, and the Volga-Kama cascade of reservoirs operates on off-design regimes. There is a shortage of vital resources in the region. Due to the shallowing of the Volga in the period from 2008 to 2009, several dozen settlements were left without water.
Impact on the economy
The process of shallowing can be replaced by the filling of rivers. This is a well-known fact, but such cyclicity has a significant impact on the economic situation in the country. 40% of the population of the state lives in the Volga basin. Almost half of the country's industrial and agricultural potential is located in this territory.
Still water rots
After the Volga-Kama reservoir was founded, there is no unequivocal opinion about the benefits brought to the population and natural complexes of the basin. The number of publications with negative reviews about the consequences of the creation of artificial reservoirs on the Volga is growing. The quality of water in stagnant seas is rapidly deteriorating. This contributes to possible negative consequences and provokes harsh criticism.
Dissenting scientists
Opponents and supporters of reservoirs have a one-sided approach to this issue. They do not want to understand each other. Moreover, some manage to exaggerate the shortcomings, while others - the advantages of creating reservoirs. If we analyze all the positive and negative aspects of the issue, we can come to the conclusion that the construction of giant reservoirs causes unacceptable in its scalemoral, ecological and economic damage to the whole society. One conclusion suggests itself: the Kama reservoir should not have been created.
Benefits of having fish
Fishing here is for bream, pike, perch, roach, pike perch, ide and silver bream. Fishing in winter is especially interesting on this reservoir. Many fishermen from Perm and other nearby places come here to catch zander. There are enough of these fish here, and they are almost always caught wonderfully.
Finding zander in March is much easier than in February. In the second half of winter, water mass is discharged, and the Kama reservoir becomes not the best place for fishing. In March, pike perch begins to actively move around the reservoir.
In winter it is preferable to go fishing with a snowmobile. It is almost impossible to get to the most interesting places by car, and walking is too far. Snowmobile for local anglers is the best mode of transport. With this vehicle, any area on the reservoir will be accessible during the winter.
Conclusion
Kama reservoir plays an important role in the process of river flow regulation. The dam supports the water level by 22 meters along the Kama, Chusovaya, Sylva, Obva, Inva, Kosva rivers. The volume of the reservoir under normal conditions is 12.2 cubic kilometers, and the area is 1910 square kilometers. The maximum depth is 30 meters and the width is 14 kilometers. The distance between the banks at the confluence of the Kosva and Inva with the Kama reaches 27 kilometers. Canto conclude that the creation of an artificial reservoir on the Kama River is harmful to the environment, taking into account the numerous opinions that exist among scientists, as well as the local population.
