With the development of civilization, humanity began to "produce" more and more waste, which has already become an integral part of life. New methods of disposal and neutralization of waste are constantly being invented, and its secondary processing is being carried out. However, there is such garbage, there is also liquid waste that does not fall into the category of returnable. The main method of getting rid of them is removal and destruction, burial.
What are they like?
Liquid waste is classified into two types: domestic and industrial, which are formed in the course of production activities. Accordingly, household ones appear after human activity in everyday life, in houses and buildings where there is no sewerage system. If such waste is not removed, but stored near the dwelling, then it is a fertile breeding ground for rats and pathogenic bacteria.
The most hazardous industrial liquid waste. Very often they pose a danger not only to the environment, but also to humans. It has already been established for certain that many diseases appear against the backdrop of a terrifyingenvironmental situation.
Liquid household waste
According to the all-Russian classification, ZhBO are assigned to the IV class of danger, in other words, they are low-hazard. However, they are still toxic, therefore they are subject to regular export and disinfection. As a result, in facilities where people live, such waste must be stored in a limited amount and for a limited time. Such waste includes sewage and bathroom wastewater, fecal matter, waste water from dishwashers and washing machines. They are formed where there is no central sewerage. Liquid municipal waste is also referred to this type, and their disposal is considered as wastewater intake.
Transportation is carried out by special equipment - sewage trucks. It is allowed to bury such waste in special landfills and lands after the cleaning procedure.
Common disposal methods
The most toxic element in LBW is sediment, which must be disposed of, as it is very dangerous if it gets into the seas and rivers. After a certain time, chemical reactions occur in the sludge, which lead to the appearance of methane, sulfur dioxide, ammonia and pathogens in the waste.
The procedure for treating wastewater is called sewage, it is carried out with the help of treatment facilities. During the processing of waste, its chemical composition becomes relatively safe.
Cleaning methods:
- Mechanical. Refers to the primary cleaning method. Afterafter the liquid waste was drained and they got to the treatment plant, they are cleaned of large litter. Then the waste enters the sump, where the fats and mucus contained in them are separated. Heavy sedimentary rocks are collected from the bottom with a special scraper. It is from this sedimentary waste that biogas can be produced.
- Biological. After mechanical treatment, the water enters the sump, where it is treated with activated sludge. After that, the waste goes to another settling tank, where they are already cleaned of sludge. The last stage is the saturation of purified waters with oxygen and their supply to "living" reservoirs.
Modern recycling option
Today, for private houses without central sewerage, there is an option to reduce the calls of the sewer truck to a minimum.
Now on your site you can install not a standard cesspool, but a sewer septic tank. This is a three-chamber tank where waste is cleaned with special bacteria. At its core, it works in the same way as industrial wastewater treatment plants, only it is smaller.
Production waste
In the course of production activities, a huge amount of solid and liquid waste is generated. The last category includes oil products, emulsions, fats, lubricants and radioactive waste, others.
Special attention is paid to the disposal of toxic waste, as it carries great harm to the environment and human he alth.
Emulsion disposal
This category of garbage includes lubricants andcooling materials. There are three recycling methods:
- Reagent. After preliminary purification from particles of mechanical origin, the emulsions are decomposed using reagents: mineral alkalis, fooculants and others.
- Sorption. The technique allows inexpensively and as quickly as possible to separate the waste into oil and water components. The hydrophobic powder used in this case can be reused.
- Thermal evaporation. The technique involves the production of water vapor in the process of processing, which can later be used to manufacture all the same lubricants and cooling products.
Materials that remain after disposal (oil) are used to produce fuel for boilers.
Utilization of petroleum products
Such waste is first of all cleaned of water and other impurities so that the material can be reused in the future. Non-recyclable waste (sludge) is treated thermally - burned in furnaces and receive thermal energy used in industrial enterprises.
Utilization of liquid waste from the oil refining industry can be done with the help of chemistry. Magnesium oxide, stearic acid and a number of others can be used. After processing, a powder is obtained, which is used in the construction of the roadway and various shelters.
Utilization of fats
Such waste appears in food enterprises, they cannot beflush down the drain, as they contribute to clogging of pipes. At food enterprises, it is planned to install obligatory grease traps, which should purify wastewater. Fat-containing products require disposal, and ideally this should be carried out through biological treatment that does not harm the environment. But there is also a chemical method in which degreasing is carried out with chemicals, caustic or soda ash can be used.
After processing, the residual products are suitable for use in boiler rooms for heating or disposal as household waste.
Disposal of varnishes and paints
This waste is often destroyed by incineration using high-temperature furnaces. However, after that, there remains a container that cannot be cleaned of paint and varnish residues.
A more promising technique involves the processing of such waste with adsorbents and their further use for the production of building materials. Thanks to waste materials for construction acquire elastic and strength properties. In addition, the technique allows not to violate environmental standards, as is the case with waste incineration.
Liquid radioactive waste
This is the most harmful and dangerous waste for humans and the environment. They are formed as a result of the operation of power plants and other industrial facilities. Therefore, it is very important to neutralize the components of this waste before carrying out the disposal procedure.
To date, the most effective wayis evaporation. In this case, the waste is decomposed into two components:
- highly radioactive;
- safe.
After waste separation, the residues are burned, and the ash is already stored in specially designated landfills.
There are many underground landfills where waste is stored in special containers, the material of which does not allow radiation to pass through. Storage is carried out until the waste completely disintegrates.
RW disposal
In the modern world, there is still no technique that would completely neutralize radioactive waste. The recycling process consists only in neutralization, partial or complete. That is, the garbage is brought to a state in which a steady decay of waste will occur.
As a result, liquid waste from the energy industry is the most dangerous, polluting water and soil.
More examples
Liquid waste also includes pollutants that enter water bodies from agricultural fields. They also include storm drains. Maximum pollution is observed during floods, when mineral and organic substances, other components used in the process of cultivating fields get into the water.
Stable increase in port cargo turnover leads not only to an improvement in the economic situation in the country, but also to an increase in the negative impact on the environment. Most ships, both commercial and military, do nothave closed systems for collecting oily and household waste, so a huge amount of waste, which has not been cleaned at all, gets directly into the water. Naturally, these are not the last examples of environmental pollution by liquid waste.
At the same time, one should never forget about the human factor, the cleanliness of our planet depends on the behavior of each individual. You can’t live by the principle “and after me even a flood.”
