Everyone understands that in the process of human life, various types of waste appear every day. If they are not disposed of for at least a couple of days, garbage mountains begin to accumulate. The trouble is not so much that each such spontaneous dump of domestic waste creates an unflattering picture of city courtyards. In addition, it exudes a stench, poisons the environment, attracts rats and mice - carriers of dangerous diseases. To avoid such situations, and the condition of the streets and courtyards of our cities has always met sanitary standards, hundreds of employees of private and state organizations involved in the removal of solid waste are selflessly working. So the citizens do not need to worry about problems with garbage.
But what about people who, thanks to the same selfless workers, are forced to live near garbage dumps for years? An example is the Kulakovskiy solid waste landfill. Those who involuntarily turned out to be his neighbors have been fighting for the closure of the landfill for several years. A huge garbage dump creates the same problems as small garbage piles, onlyten times bigger. Everyone, including the authorities, understands this, but they do nothing. Only people who are forced to endure this nightmare sound the alarm.
The emergence of the Kulakovskaya garbage dump
In the Kursk direction, about 50 km from the Moscow Ring Road, lies the city of Chekhov, immersed in greenery. 4 km from its borders there is the village of Manushkino. Now it has over 1600 inhabitants. In 1983 a modern school was built in the village. Its bright building with large windows is surrounded by a school territory with an area of over 3,000 square meters. m. A training and experimental site was organized here, where students planted beds and planted flowers. A little less than 300 children study at this school.
To their misfortune, in 2005, not far from the school, enterprising businessmen organized a landfill known as the Kulakovsky solid waste landfill. At first, the residents of Manushkino did not pay much attention to the fact that literally a couple of hundred meters from Geodeticskaya Street, garbage trucks began to haul away. Everyone considered this a misunderstanding that should soon be resolved. But time passed, the village leadership did nothing, and the garbage mountain grew up and spread out. Her stinking body gradually destroyed the forest lands and approached the picturesque lake, on the banks of which the Manushkins liked to relax. Now it is impossible to see the reservoir under the layers of debris. All that remains of him are old photographs and memories.
Dump current characteristics
Kulakovskiy solid waste landfill is a sad picture. This place looks like the earth has been comprehendedapocalypse: on a huge area you can see all kinds of rotting debris, lumps, pieces of something thrown out as useless, decomposing animal corpses, something in garbage bags of various degrees of integrity and size. According to local residents, they happened to see parts of human bodies, unusable medicines, used syringes, and so on in piles of garbage. Garbage piles periodically flare up, and then smolder for a long time, spreading fetid smoke around the area.
Homeless people are "working" in the landfill, looking for something else to sell among the rubbish. They live right there - in shacks built from the wreckage. How many of them die here, no one counts, because these people are buried very simply - they are buried right here, in a landfill. The height of the garbage mountain above sea level has exceeded the mark of 182 m, while 170 m is required by GOST, and its body occupied 13.6 hectares according to official data, and 27.6 hectares - according to unofficial data. About 300 vehicles arrive here every day, adding more than 7,000 cubic meters to the already existing MSW. m new.
Rules and regulations for waste management
SDW removal is not the easiest thing to do. On the one hand, the waste needs to be disposed of somewhere, and on the other hand, wherever they are unloaded, they will harm the environment to a greater or lesser extent. To simultaneously solve these two problems, there are legal acts and norms.
There are articles in the Code of Administrative Offenses of Russia that regulate the activities of companies involved in the removal and disposal of solid waste. Yes, Art. 8.2 prescribes the imposition of a fine on jur. persons up to 250,000 rubles for violationenvironmental standards during the storage or disposal of solid waste, as a result of which the ozone layer is destroyed. Part two of Art. 8.6 prescribes the imposition of a fine on jur. persons up to 40,000 rubles for damage and destruction of fertile land. Part five of Art. 8.13 prescribes the imposition of a fine on jur. persons up to 50,000 rubles for damage to water resources. Part 2.3 Art. 8.31 prescribes the imposition of a fine on jur. persons up to 100,000 rubles for damage and pollution of forests with various types of waste.
There are relevant articles that spell out the rules for working with household waste. According to these rules, solid waste must be sorted by hazard class (from 1 to 5) and removed, stored, disposed of or buried in accordance with the class.
Compliance with the law at the Kulakovsky training ground
PromEcoTech company unloads garbage at the city dump near Manushkino. According to the residents of the village and according to the acts of independent environmental reviews, she constantly violates the laws of the Russian Federation on all of the above articles at once. The company destroyed the lake, polluted more than 7 hectares of forest, and poisons the environment every day. In fairness, it must be said that a fine of 28 million rubles was imposed on PromEcoTech. However, the company continues to remove solid waste, and here it is violating existing norms.
Thus, environmental review No. 45-9 in 2015 decided that only 17 vehicles per day should be transported to the Kulakovskiy landfill. At the same time, they must unload no more than 24 cubic meters of garbage to this landfill. The monitoring showsthat about 300 units of cars arrive at the landfill per day, and they unload more than 7,000 cubic meters of garbage. But the main violation is that the Kulakovsky solid waste landfill is located only 260 meters from residential buildings and 436 meters from the school, while the current norm is 500 meters.
The position of official ecologists
Kulakovskiy solid waste landfill in Chekhov did not ignore the environmentalists. Elmurod Rasulmukhamedov, the chief ecologist of the country, actively undertook to help the residents of Manushkino restore justice and achieve the return of the ecology of the area to its former purity. He conducted explanatory work with the local population, assuring that everything would be done for the benefit of the people, and at the same time he helped ensure that another 7 hectares of Lesfond land were legally transferred to solid waste. Here is such a duality.
Igor Kolesnikov, head of the Chekhov Ecological Inspectorate, behaved somewhat differently in this situation. This official directly and openly supported the landfill and the activities of PromEcoTech. By the way, when official ecologists measured the distance from the landfill to the school, it miraculously lengthened from 436 to 501 m, that is, it fit exactly into the allowable norm.
The position of the authorities
The Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation has article 5.59, according to which a decent (up to 30,000 rubles) fine is imposed on officials if they do not react in any way to signals from the population about a violation of the environment by any organization. There is nothing to hold local authorities accountable for, because they are not indifferent to the problem of the Manushkins.left.
Even Alexander Kogan, who is the Minister of Ecology of the Moscow Region, visited the city dump. After talking with the residents and listening to their complaints, he promised to sort it out. As a result, it turned out that PromEcoTech did not violate anything.
Andrey Vorobyov, who holds the post of governor of the Moscow region, was also interested in the issue of the landfill. All he did for the Manushkins was to ask permission from the President of the Russian Federation to transfer another 7.2 hectares of forest land to MSW.
Villagers also wrote complaints to Rospotrebnadzor. Its representatives took air and soil samples and issued a verdict that all pollution is within acceptable limits.
Position of local residents
Seeing such an incorrect attitude to the problem of officials, Manushkino activists began to fight to close the Kulakovskiy solid waste landfill. In their actions, they followed the laws prescribed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Yes, Art. 42 states that every Russian has the right to an environment favorable for life and to truthful information about its condition. And Art. 68 of the Federal Law No. 7 states that any citizen has the right to control the state of his natural environment. Federal Law No. 82 also enshrines the right to organize voluntary societies involved in monitoring the state of the environment in their area and taking measures to improve it.
An initiative group was created in Manushkino, led by Nikolai Dizhur. The activists carried out their own measurements, which showed that the school is still located 436 meters from the landfill, andthe village hospital is 400 m away. Water samples were also taken in the Sukha Lopasna river flowing near the village. In some places, the distance from the landfill to its bed does not exceed 100 m. All measurements and analyzes of water, in which harmful chemicals were found in quantities exceeding the MPC, the activists handed over to the appropriate authorities.
Struggle stages: wins and losses
Manushkintsy do their best to close the landfill. However, the elimination of landfills is an extremely difficult task, because household waste appears daily, and it must be taken out somewhere. That is, instead of a closed polygon, another one will definitely appear. The old landfill must undergo reclamation, which must be undertaken by the company owning the landfill. In this case, it is PromEcoTech. Before the start of reclamation, it is necessary to stop taking out garbage to the landfill, which PromEcoTech is not doing yet. Therefore, the residents of Manushkino have unfounded fears that the company is not going to perform other works that require significant funds.
Activists organized a picket, blocking the passage of cars to the dump. Employees of PromEcoTech immediately accused them of creating a situation threatening the environment of the Moscow Region, as garbage accumulates on city streets. The villagers sued the company and lost. As a result, no one took the decision to close the landfill, and the plaintiffs were presented with an invoice for 450,000 rubles for a series of examinations.
Dramatic measures
Unable to get an answer to the question of when the Kulakovsky landfill will be closed, the activistsManushkino made a desperate decision to go on an indefinite hunger strike. The brave five in the person of Nikolai Izmailovich Dizhur, Tatyana Nikolaevna Volovikova, Bella Borisovna Skazko, Yuri Alekseevich Burov and Mikhail Vasilyevich Burdin officially began their action on June 1. On June 5, the doctor Nadezhda Yemelyanova checked their state of he alth. The action of hero wrestlers was supported by the LDPR and Rodina parties.
Wind of hope
Activists are on hunger strike because they are already tired of the inaction of the authorities. However, under public pressure, the case of the Kulakovo test site is gradually moving towards its logical conclusion.
Staff changes have taken place at PromEcoTech. Thus, a new director of the Kulakovsky solid waste landfill was appointed. Who he is is of interest to everyone who is concerned about the problem of closing the landfill, but there is no reliable data on this issue. The former management of the company surrounded the landfill with a fence and ennobled the entrance area. The current leadership, headed by CEO Pogonin Andrey Vladimirovich, is acting more purposefully. So, in April 2017, a community work day was organized, at which all employees (58 people) were engaged in cleaning the territories adjacent to the landfill. In the future, it is planned to organize community work days regularly, and in addition, to plant trees and shrubs.
The closure of the Kulakovsky test site is scheduled for 2018. Already now, the soil is being delivered there, which is necessary to cover the body of the garbage dump and stop fetid odors. Let's hope that the landfill will be closed after all.
