Until 1918 Pushkin was called Tsarskoye Selo, after that until 1937 - Detskoye Selo. It is a major center of scientific, tourist, military and industrial life. It is under the protection of UNESCO.
Founding History
From 1609 to 1702 a Swedish magnate lived here. His small estate was called the Sarskaya manor. It included a wooden house and utility buildings, a neat garden with two perpendicular paths dividing the territory into 4 squares.
The first mention of this village is contained in a document dating back to 1501. Then Peter I expelled the Swedish population and took possession of this land, handing it over to A. Menshikov. On June 13, 1710, this point appears under the name Tsarskoye Selo. It was presented to M. Skavronskaya, later the wife of the Emperor Ekaterina Alekseevna. This moment is considered the date of foundation of Pushkin. At that time, he played the role of a country residence.
Improving the object
In the period 1718-1724. the construction of the palace and the auxiliary buildings surrounding it was carried out. They were surrounded by the greenery of a picturesque garden. Between 1719 and 1722 created 2 ponds on the terracebottom.
A settlement was built nearby for the employees of the palace. In 1716, the Assumption Church appeared. The first street that arose in 1720 is Sadovaya (previously called Front). During 1721, the Kuzminskaya Sloboda was established. The peasant population of the province of Suzdal lived in it.
The oldest stone building, the Znamenskaya Church, began to be built in 1734. The city appeared here in 1808. The local museum-reserve has become a monument of urban planning. The ensemble of the 18th-20th centuries deserves no less attention, including the park and the Catherine Palace, as well as the buildings adjacent to them.
Area, relief and climate
The area of the city of Pushkin is 201 square meters. km. It is located on the territory of the Neva lowland, to the left of the river. Not you. There are various landscape forms: plains, ridges, terraces, valleys and hills. Massifs of forests are mixed with agricultural land.
The city of Pushkin (St. Petersburg) is the location of springs that feed ponds and streams. 350 million years ago (Paleozoic) there was a sea here. Clay, sands, limestone, sandstones have survived to this day. Their layer reaches 200 m and covers a crystalline diabase, gneiss, granite foundation. The formation of the current relief was stimulated by a cover of ice (the Valdai glaciation, which occurred 12,000 years earlier).
When the thaw occurred, the Littorina Sea appeared, whose depth was 8 m higher than the current one. 4000 years ago there was a low tide, and the river appeared. The Neva is the result of post-glacial deposits. For 2,5 thousand years, up to the present day, no changes in the relief were noticed.
The local climate is characterized by moderation and humidity. It is transitional between continental and maritime. Summer does not last long, it is rarely hot. Much longer winter, interrupted by thaws.
The transitional periods of spring and autumn are long, so averages are more familiar to locals. Temperatures are above freezing between April and November. It's coldest in February. The annual rainfall is 590 millimeters.
Atmospheric currents are usually clean and fresh, coming here from the south, making the weather mild. One air mass can quickly be replaced by another. Cyclones are frequent. The sun is least in November-January. In total, the local climate is quite comfortable for life.
Territorial division
You can get to the center of the city of Pushkin if you move to the northeast from the park area. It is mainly built up with buildings of 3-4 floors made of stone. Most of them were built in the pre-revolutionary period.
The main historical area is Sofia. Next to it are st. Parkovaya and Sapernaya, Pavlovskoye and Krasnoselskoye highways. Krasnoselka previously housed Arakcheevka, Babolova and Soboleva - private districts of the city. Pushkin is a place, exploring which, you will stumble upon the Fridental colony, which belonged to the Germans. A large number of high-rise buildings on the territory of BAM. This was the private sector. Also noteworthy are Novaya Derevnya and Belozerka, Novosyolki, which grew out of the countryside. Anotherhistorical area - Kondakopshino. In addition, there are zones called Pavlovsk-2, Lesnoye (belongs to the GPP), Novokondakopshino.
Many people may be wondering which index to use? Pushkin is divided into only 2 postal districts, so the branches accept letters using the details: 196601 or 196609.
National peculiarities
A 19th century guide indicates that the population of Pushkin (St. Petersburg) was 15 thousand people. It was unlike other cities in terms of ethnic composition.
Petty bourgeois, peasant people, clergy and merchants accounted for 7 thousand people. The rest of the same half consisted of the military, courtiers, colonists. It was not just a quiet place to live, but an important political point.
The local society had a special color. Many Petersburgers came here for 3 months and left the city. In 1939, in the Leningrad region, as in the entire Soviet Union, a population census was conducted, according to the results of which it turned out that 17,711 thousand Jews lived here. When the Germans occupied the city, they were almost completely destroyed.
Dynamics of population change
At the beginning of the 18th century, Sarskaya manor included more than 43 villages, 6 wastelands, peasant and Bobil households. Over time, the population grew. During the reign of Peter I, 200 peasant families lived here.
The village included a church parable, guard soldiers and servants of the court. New villages arose, where there were 71 households, consisting of immigrants and 69 - from the local population.
In 1732conducted a census, according to the results of which there were 48 men. In the surrounding villages, 105 Latvian households were counted, in which the representatives of the stronger and fairer sex lived in the ratio of 336/343, respectively. In 1796, the Palace Sloboda included 779 buildings, in which 2.8 thousand people lived. Sofia has become home to 1.6 thousand people. (146 dwellings).
In 1845, Colonel Zhukovsky made a report stating that, together with the garrison, the population was 121.94 thousand people. Of these, 9,066 thousand people were men, 3,128 thousand people were women. Hundreds of families came here in the summer to rest with the court. Workers also went to Tsarskoe Selo (1-1,5 thousand people).
XX - the beginning of the XXI century
In 1909 there were 31,201 thousand people here. Of these, 2, 8 thousand of the nobility, 309 - the clergy, 691 - citizens with an honorary title, 241 - merchants, 2, 505 thousand belonged to the bourgeoisie, 13, 653 thousand - to the peasants, 52 - to the colonists, 8, 169 thousand - to the military, 1, 369 thousand were retirees. Foreigners with families - 237 people. Other population groups – 209 people
The number of people increased, and in a century there were 108.3 thousand people here. Directly in the city of Pushkin lived 93.8 thousand people.
The territories of Pavlovsky and Pushkinsky districts were united into a single administrative unit. In 2001, the total net number of people was 124.3 thousand citizens.
In 2002, the count was again carried out, showing the total of 116,811 thousand (there were 100,097 thousand people in the Pushkin district). Of these, 56% were inworking age. This was the moment of the first positive changes in the birth rate (it increased by 5%).
Further on, positive dynamics of the population was observed: 2003 - 84.6 thousand people, 2006 - 110.9 thousand people.
Closer to our days
The number of people living here has changed due to the rapid development of construction.
According to the data of 2008, 1,278 thousand people were born, which exceeded the results of 2007. However, in order for Pushkin's population to reproduce properly, the figure had to double. 285 people born from extramarital unions. In 60% of cases, both parents applied for its registration.
In 2009, 1471 marriages were concluded and 742 were terminated.
There are more women than men. Of the total mass of them, 54%, which is 4.5 thousand people. outnumber the stronger sex. Mostly these are people of unemployable age. Women live longer.
The population of Pushkin has an average age of 40 years. Based on demographic and social indicators, we can talk about its aging. If the trend does not change, soon the elderly will make up a third of the total population. In 2009, 19,316 thousand foreigners were registered with migration. 1,377 people came here in search of work, 435 people received Russian citizenship.
Strong population growth seen since 2012:
- in 2012, the population of Pushkin was 95,239 thousand people;
- 2013 - 97,34 thousand people;
- 2014 – 100,753 thousand people;
- 2015 – 101,101 thousand people
In 2016, the population of Pushkin is 102,729 thousand people. Of these, able-bodied - 63%. 13% are too young to work, 24% are already old.
Social support measures
The regional and federal authorities are facing numerous tasks, as a result of which Russia (the city of Pushkin, in particular) will be transformed in terms of demography. Considerable attention is paid to family issues, providing financial assistance to parents.
Families receive 15 different subsidies. Assistance is provided in the maintenance of children while studying at school. Organizations are being developed that protect society, improve the quality of life, create educational institutions, centers for improving he alth and sports. Mass events are being held to emphasize the benefits of starting a family.
Many problems still remain unresolved. It is extremely important to tackle them as soon as possible in order to ensure the growth of the able-bodied population, which the city of Pushkin (St. Petersburg) badly needs. Social guarantees for families with children are important because of the growing number of elderly citizens. In this case, young couples will not be afraid of material difficulties when having a baby.
