Moscow is the largest agglomeration in the Russian Federation. In terms of the size of the economy and gross domestic product, it is also in the lead. The city is constantly growing, absorbing more and more settlements that are in the way of its expanding borders. Unlike regions, all sectors of the economy are developed here, and not just manufacturing or tourism.
The share of the capital in the country's economy in 2016 was 16.2%. The standard of living in Moscow is the highest among the regions of the country. There is a traffic congestion in the city, traffic jams often occur. Many people come here to work from nearby settlements or are labor migrants.
The services sector plays an important role in the Moscow economy. Tourism and trade are also of great importance. The value of the gross product is truly great. ToFor example, in 2016 it amounted to 13.9 trillion rubles, and in 2015 it exceeded 14 trillion rubles.
The budget of the city of Moscow is equal to or even exceeds that in the whole of Ukraine. Funds are pouring in from all over the country. Moscow is the most moneyed city in Russia. This allows the implementation of expensive programs that are expenditure items in the city's budget.
Monocentrism of the Russian economy
The trend towards dominance in economic and other activities began to develop after the collapse of the USSR. Now it is the largest financial and resource management center in Russia. Branches of Moscow enterprises and universities are opening all over the country. The gap between the standard of living in the capital and many Russian regions is very large. More than half of the banks in the country are located in the city. Here are the offices of most large companies that conduct their production activities in various parts of the Russian Federation.
Directly in the capital there are enterprises of the machine-building complex, instrument-making, machine tool building, alloy manufacturing, as well as facilities for the production of light, chemical, printing products. Gradually, more and more production facilities are moved to the regions, which may be due to environmental considerations, lack of land for construction and cheaper labor at a distance from the capital.
Moscow's place in the global economy
According to the forecast for the economic development of the region, by 2020 Moscow will take 23rd place in the economic rating of the largest cityagglomerations of the world. The economy will grow by 4% per year, and the average income per person will almost double.
The role of industry in the budget of the capital
Moscow is the largest center of industrial activity in Russia. And this despite the fact that the industry makes a small contribution to the overall size of the economy of the capital. A large number of highly qualified specialists working in the field of high-tech industries are concentrated here. Among other things, such products as radio electronics, optical equipment, equipment for aviation and space flights, precision instruments, oil products, reactors, cars, defense equipment, etc. are produced.
The role of trade in Moscow's economy
Trade is essential to Moscow's economic life and GDP. There are hundreds of shopping centers with a total area of many thousands of square meters. Now there is a tendency to replace markets with supermarkets. In general, the development of the capital's trade is on the path of consolidation of retail outlets with an increase in the share of large shopping complexes.
Moscow sphere of trade is a good object for investment. This is also understood by foreign companies that create their outlets with more favorable conditions for customers.
The role of tourism in the economy and budget
Every year more than 4 million tourists come to Moscow. Several hundred hotels have been created in the city with a total number of rooms in the region of 50,000. By 2025, this figure is planned to be increased to 138,000 rooms.
City budget
Moscow's budget is so large that it is approximately equal to the budget of Ukraine, and now it probably exceeds it. However, there are cities in the world where it is even higher. New York is one of them.
In the 21st century, budget revenues have been constantly growing. The peak came in 2015. In 2006, it amounted to 801 billion rubles, and in 2015 - 1486 billion rubles. The largest contribution to budget expenditures is made by the economy and housing and communal services. They accounted for 23 and 27%, respectively. In third place is the education sector - 15.5%, the fourth - the social sphere (11.9%), and the fifth - medicine and sports (9%).
The law on the budget of the city of Moscow
The original form of the law on the budget, adopted in this city on November 29, 2017, No. 47. The execution of the budget of the city of Moscow is regulated by the current legislation. The budget consists of various items. Revenues are determined in accordance with the current budget legislation of the Russian Federation. This includes, in particular, taxes and fees. Articles 28, 29, 30, 31 are used as the legal basis for the adoption of the budget. Article 32 has been deleted. Various infrastructure and social programs are being implemented at the expense of the Moscow city budget. One of the most significant at present is the replacement of dilapidated housing with new buildings and the overhaul of housing and communal services.
Moscow budget for 2017
The resolution on the adoption of the budget was signed by Sergei Sobyanin, who is the mayor of the city of Moscow. For replenishment, it was proposed to take measures to reduce debts when renting territories, taxes, non-residential areas.
Revenues of the budget of the city of Moscowin 2016 should have amounted to 1 trillion 599 billion rubles, and expenses - 1 trillion 647 billion rubles. In 2017, these indicators were planned at the level of: 1 trillion 647 billion rubles. and 1 trillion 681 billion rubles, respectively. In 2018, revenues were expected at the level of 1 trillion 693 billion rubles, and expenses - 1 trillion 747 billion rubles.
The budget deficit for these three years was to be: 3; 2.1 and 3.2 percent respectively.
The capital's maximum debt is set at 188.7 billion in 2016, 101.85 billion in 2017 and 75.8 billion in 2018.
Both income and expenses were to increase according to the plan. The greatest attention was supposed to be paid to the costs of transport and social support for the population. It was planned to make education and medicine other important areas. For these purposes, subsidies were to be allocated from the budget of the city of Moscow.
The capital's budget for 2018
In 2018, according to the new plan, the budget revenues of the city of Moscow will amount to 2,104 billion rubles, in 2019 - 2,207 billion rubles, and in 2020 - 2,317 billion rubles. Taxes will be the most important in 2018. They will add 1,885 billion rubles to the treasury.
Budget expenditures in 2018 will amount to 2327 billion rubles, in 2019 - 2344 billion rubles, in 2020 - 2430 billion rubles. In 2018, most of the funds (2129 billion rubles) will go to the implementation of state programs for the development of the capital.
Moscow budget and household income
The huge budget of the city of Moscow cannot but affect the value of the materialprosperity of the people living there. It is, of course, lower than in New York and other major cities in the developed world, but still quite decent. At the same time, it is several times higher than in a number of other regions of the Russian Federation. The highest salary among financiers. Next are communication and trade institutions. The lowest level is among employees of education, he althcare, science and the social sphere. Somewhat higher - in manufacturing and construction organizations.
Further development of the city of Moscow against the background of the gradual impoverishment of the regions threatens with serious social distortions and is already a cause of discontent among a large number of Russian citizens.
Thus, the budget of the city of Moscow is a huge source of income and expenses, which tends to increase. This is due not only to the size of the Russian capital, but also to the monocentric effect of the Russian economy, which, although to a lesser extent, is typical for many countries.
