Initially, Tobolsk was inhabited by Cossacks and settlers from central Russia and the Urals, which was located in close proximity to Siberia, endowed with untold riches. Russian pioneers, merchants, always striving deep into the country, moved to the Pacific Ocean, leaving behind settlements that later turned into cities. Tobolsk became the center of the development of Siberia. It was founded by the Cossacks under the leadership of Yermak.
Foundation of the city
It is known that it was expensive for Russia to wage war against the Tatar khans on its eastern borders. Endless skirmishes with their detachments had a negative impact on the development of the territory of the Siberian Territory. Then the protection of the northeastern borders was entrusted to the Ural owner of the s alt mines, the we althy merchant Stroganov, and he concluded an agreement on the protection of the eastern borders with the Volga Cossacks led by Yermak. Siberia thanks to the Cossacksbegan to be mastered by pioneers.
Tyumen became the first city of Siberia. The Tyumen prison was founded a year earlier than the Tobolsk one. Due to its advantageous position, it was Tobolsk that became the capital of Siberia for many years. The first population of Tobolsk is Russian settlers. Originally it was called the city of Siberia. The official date of its founding is considered to be the summer of 1587, when the city of Tobolsk was founded 17 kilometers from the Tatar city of Isker on the banks of the Irtysh River, near the mouth of the Tobol.
This place was not chosen by chance. The construction of a settlement at the intersection of two large and navigable rivers was extremely profitable. After all, the only transport links in the taiga were rivers. Here, five years earlier, a Russian detachment of Cossacks fought against the army of the Tatar Khan Kuchum, a cunning and vile ruler who swore friendship to the Russian Tsar, and himself incited local tribes who traded with Orthodox merchants to attack Russian settlements and detachments.
Development
Through the city there was a way from Russia to Siberia. He developed rapidly. Since 1590, it has become a city and a center for the development of Siberia. He was very interested in Peter I, who appreciated its importance and wanted to give it more representativeness. The population of Tobolsk also grew. Through the city, along the Yenisei and Tobol, Russian goods went deep into Siberia, in the reverse order, furs and gold went to Russia. The city grew rich. Construction was in full swing. The Tobolsk Kremlin was built, many cathedrals, government buildings, merchant estates were built. At the firstGovernor of the region, Prince Gagarin, the Order Chambers and the Gostiny Dvor were built.
Large-scale production for that time developed, such as a state-owned factory, glass, candle and stationery factories. The Siberian tract passing through it also played an important role in the development of the city. This made the city the trade capital of Siberia. Mining enterprises developed. Gold and silver for the Russian mint went through the city to Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Tobolsk became famous in history as a Russian exile. The development of the region took place at the expense of convicts, which also affected the population of Tobolsk. Under Peter I, Swedish prisoners of war were exiled here.
Composition of the population in 1897
The transfer of the Siberian Highway led to the gradual decline of the city. He stopped in development, became quiet and provincial. According to the Russian census of 1897, 1,433,043 people lived in the Tobolsk province, including 127,860 people in the Tobolsk district, and 20,425 people in the city of Tobolsk.
Soviet period
The Soviet period brought a second life to Tobolsk, a railway was built in the city, a large petrochemical complex was built, which was declared a Komsomol construction site, which led to an influx of young people. Here again life began to seethe. New schools and kindergartens were built. The population of Tobolsk was 97 thousand people. Three new microdistricts were built in the city: Mendeleevo, Sumkino and Rechport.
Citytoday
According to statistics, the largest population of the city was 102 thousand people. This figure refers to 2005. After that, he went into decline. This is explained by the outflow of people of retirement age who left for central Russia. The extreme minimum level was observed in 2014, the population then amounted to 98,050 people.
The indicator is gradually increasing, which can be explained by the growth of oil and gas industry enterprises. What is the population of Tobolsk in 2017? It amounted to 98886 people. The majority of residents (54%) are women.
Tobolsk is a city of young people. The average age of the population is 34 years. The share of the working-age population is 65%, people of retirement age - 14%. The population density of Tobolsk cannot be called high - 442 people per square kilometer. By ethnic composition:
- Russians - over 75%;
- Tatars – 16%;
- Ukrainians – 2.5%;
- other - 6.5%.
The city-forming enterprise is a petrochemical plant. A number of oil and gas industry plants operate in the city. The Sibur company in 2014 began construction of the ZapSibNeftekhim plant - this is the largest oil project in Russia since 1991.
Pride of Tobolsk
Many famous compatriots were born in Tobolsk:
- the great chemist D. Mendeleev;
- writer P. Ershov;
- S. Remezov - chronicler and cartographer of Siberia;
- composer A. Alyabyev - the author of the famous Nightingale;
- artist V. Perov - author of "Girls with Peaches";
- Yu. Osipov - famous mathematician;
- architect N. Nikitin;
- B. Grabovsky - the inventor of television;
- famous artists L. Smirnova, A. Abdulov and many others.
Now Tobolsk is the center of Orthodoxy. There are many churches and monasteries, as well as a theological seminary. The city is the center of tourism in Siberia.
