Recreational lands are used for tourism. Tourism is a type of recreation in which a person temporarily changes his location and during this period does not look for work. The maximum duration of tourist trips is 1 year. The person himself is called a tourist, visitor or traveler. In a broader sense, tourism is any trip to another area for a period of less than a year, with the exception of employment. This definition is given in "Wikipedia".
Recreation and tourism
Tourism is a fairly profitable sector of the economy, despite the lack of production. Basically it is a commercial activity. It is based on the functioning of the tourism industries. These industries are closely related to transport, construction, trade, food and other industries. There are various types of tourism, for example,industrial, ecological, urban, beach, etc.
In the modern world, an outbound type of holiday is widespread. Many people want to change the situation, get away from the annoying everyday bustle. Someone prefers quiet types of recreation in nature or in a sanatorium, others choose sports or entertainment. However, the ultimate goal for everyone is about the same - to relax, rejuvenate and get an experience away from home.
According to the reports of the World Tourism Organization, in 2017 the total number of such trips abroad reached 1 billion 323 million cases.
Types of tourism
There are 2 main categories of this type of activity: recreational and business. Recreational is the main type of tourism. It can be he alth, sports, educational, amateur, resort and so on. There is also the so-called green tourism (it is also ecological). Business tourism is travel related to the performance of professional activities.
History of tourism
Tourism, as an independent kind of activity, arose at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, when this term appeared. However, certain forms of such activity have existed since ancient times. The first objects of tourism were taverns, where travelers could spend the night and have a snack. Even earlier, pilgrimages, sometimes sports, were widespread. Trade also increased the mobility of citizens. Religious tourism developed in the Middle Ages.
Mass tourism appeared in the early 19th century, when the first upscale hotels were built. ATIn recent decades, a large number of new entertainment and recreational facilities have emerged. Ecological and sports tourism has become widespread.
The economy of modern tourism
Currently, the tourism market is a well-developed industry with high incomes. Its development is facilitated by the growth of financial well-being, a decrease in the length of the working day, the desire of people to receive new impressions and thrills, and an increase in life expectancy. Tourism provides a share of 30% of the total turnover of services in the world. Up to 7% of global capital comes from tourism activities, and its share in world GDP reaches 10% and is growing rapidly. This is comparable to the volume of oil trade. Many countries live off recreation. Tourist information centers are being created.
Main Components
Modern recreation requires four components: recreational resources, capital, technology and personnel. But the main one, of course, is a suitable territory or object that could attract the attention of vacationers. Attempts to build tourism on an "empty" place have few prospects. However, with the right locations, tourism can be a very lucrative business. If a natural place acts as a territory, then the organization of recreation will be the cheapest, which means that capital costs will be minimal. This is one of the reasons why it is so important to conserve nature.
Recreational resources
They mean everything that can be used for commercial purposestourism. Given the increasing flow of tourists from year to year, they are becoming increasingly important. Different countries have them in different ways. They can be natural or artificial. Natural - these are seas, forests, mountains, rivers, animals, lakes, caves. Artificial - these are historical and architectural monuments, museums, reservoirs, parks, sports facilities, abandoned mines, factories, mines, airfields, etc. All of them must have the ability to somehow attract visitors. Climatic conditions, accessibility, significance are also important.
Types of resources
Natural recreational resources are divided according to the following criteria:
- Typological: forest, water, climate, etc.
- Functional: cognitive, he alth, sports, family.
- According to the degree of renewability. Renewable: water, animals, plants. Non-renewable: mud, heritage sites, rocks, caves, etc.
- Due to limited resources. Inexhaustible - water, sun, air. Exhausted: Animals, fish, forest floor, plants, etc.
Artificial recreational resources are divided into:
- Historical and cultural objects. These include historical and cultural monuments, estates, museums, architectural complexes, churches, cinemas, philharmonic societies, theaters, etc.
- Culturally and historically interesting places, areas.
- Resources of an economic nature.
Ecology of tourism
Different types of tourism activities in different waysaffect the state of the natural environment. The most negative type is the so-called industrial tourism, in which the transformation of the landscape is maximum. The development of skiing contributes to the appearance of landslides, avalanches, soil compaction, water pollution in rivers and the destruction of forest ecosystems. It also involves the construction of high-rise buildings that do not fit well into the landscape and consume a lot of energy. The situation can be aggravated by the use of reagents for freezing or creating artificial snow. This is a very noisy and crowded type of recreation, scaring away wild animals. Ski tourism has become one of the main environmental problems of mountain areas. Due to global warming, ski resorts are experiencing more and more weather-related problems.
Environmentalists are not pleased with some other types of modern recreation, for example, jeeping, beach tourism, fishing and hunting tourism. For the conservation of nature, such types as hiking, equestrian, ecological, sightseeing and some types of sports tourism are optimal. With such types, the territory used to locate infrastructure facilities (for example, a camping area) has a small area and fits into the natural environment. In such cases, the resulting effect for nature may even be positive: reduction of logging, grazing, residential development, etc. From an environmental point of view, it is better to create a camp for children in the forest than a multi-storey boarding house.
Environmental problems of tourism in Russia (on the example of the Southern Federal District)
BIn our country, the most significant recreation area has been and remains the Southern region. Every summer, a huge number of vacationers flock to the Black Sea coast. In winter, crowds of winter sports enthusiasts and skiers flock to the ski resorts. As a result, the burden on nature is very high. The most affected are coastal areas and places where ski tourism is developed.
In recent years, the environmental situation in the region has deteriorated sharply. This is largely due to the policy pursued by the federal authorities in the field of recreation and sports, aimed at the development of industrial forms of tourism to the detriment of environmental ones. In the Soviet period, on the contrary, hiking and sightseeing tourism was developed.
Another problem was the massive and chaotic development, especially on the coast. As a result, it becomes too crowded, too hot (in the literal sense of the word), the amount of greenery and free space decreases. Visitors complain about high prices, poor food quality, infections.
Although in theory the development of tourism and deforestation are not compatible with each other, in our country this rule is often violated, and the burden on nature is even more intensified. The geography of logging is expanding, as well as their intensity. New power lines, pipelines, roads are being laid. There is less and less room for wild animals.
Additional factors were the infection of boxwood with moth moth and the spread of pests of tree species. The emergence of such problems may be closely related to global climate change, due to whichnot cold enough in winter and too hot in summer. The strongest warming is observed in the Krasnodar Territory, which is the main one affected by natural environmental disasters.
Recreational land
Recreational lands are land plots intended for organization of recreation, tourism, sports and recreation of citizens. They should be located in an ecologically favorable area and be attractive for recreation. The use of recreational land is regulated by law. In particular, the construction of enterprises, residential buildings, business centers and other objects that are not related to the purpose of recreation is prohibited there. Such territories cannot be transferred to private individuals to meet their personal needs. If a site valuable for recreation is owned by an individual, the state may lease or withdraw it forcibly. On such lands, you can create camp sites, camps for children, a house for hunters and fishermen, etc.
If these requirements are violated, administrative, and in the most severe cases, criminal liability may be applied.
Tourist objects in Russian legislation
The definition of recreational land is given in Article 98 of the Land Code. According to this definition, recreational lands include lands that are intended and used for the purpose of organizing recreation, sports and recreational activities, and tourism. They include areas occupied by various infrastructure facilities: campsites,boarding houses, rest houses, camp sites, fishermen's and hunters' houses, sports camps, etc.
Recreational lands in the Russian Federation also include suburban green areas. The law does not contain specifics regarding the legal regime of lands occupied by recreation and tourism facilities.
The opportunity for the construction of recreational facilities on the lands of the forest fund is also spelled out in the legislation. It is provided on the basis of an agreement on the lease of land plots of the forest fund, a forest or logging ticket and a contract for gratuitous use.
The right to use water bodies is possible upon agreement with local governments.
In accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the creation of recreation areas within the territory of settlements is provided. These include parks, beaches, forests, gardens. In such places, the construction of any non-recreational urban facilities is prohibited.
What are recreational areas
This term is most often used in recreational geographic research. The following features are inherent in the territory of recreation and tourism:
- It has a social orientation, as it provides rest and recreation for people, contributing to the relaxation of social tension.
- The main products of such areas are recreational services. They are not cumulative and can only be used at a specific time and place.
- Four-component composition: production, consumption, exchange, distribution.
- Seasonality caused by natural and social rhythms. The main income from recreational activities comes during the period of mass vacations, weekends or holidays, school holidays.
Love of the area
The most important indicator of a recreational area is its tourist attraction. It depends on such factors as nature, socio-economic structure, features of history and cultural development, economic development, ethnic characteristics, the number and significance of recreational facilities. The best option is a favorable combination of these factors, which allows using one area for different categories of tourists and at different times of the year. Such tourist clusters will provide a steady annual income.
Classification of districts
Regions are divided, depending on the level of development of tourism infrastructure, into 3 categories:
- Regions with developed infrastructure.
- Areas with a medium level of infrastructure development.
- Lower infrastructure areas.
Depending on specialization, recreational areas are divided into:
- Districts of spa and he alth resort widows.
- Regions of sightseeing and educational tourism.
- Historical tourism areas.
- Religious tourism areas.
- Regions of scientific tourism.
- Rural tourism areas.
- Nostalgic tourism areas.
- Regions where children's tourism can be developed.
However, there are often mixed options. The development of infrastructure for recreation givesimpetus for the economic development of the region. Transport, trade, construction, the service sector, folk crafts, etc. are being activated. The development of the information sector is associated with the creation of tourist information centers.
Conclusion
Thus, tourism is one of the most important industries in the modern world. It is most profitable to develop it in those places where there is no other economic activity (except when it is an excursion object) and there are opportunities for the development of various types of recreation. The tourist market in terms of capital circulation and GDP is already comparable to the oil market. As the reserves of natural areas are exhausted, the value of such areas will only increase. Russian legislation contains general rules for the use of recreational areas. However, in reality, everything is done chaotically, without taking into account environmental and social norms. As a result, the environment suffers and rest becomes uncomfortable.
