It's no secret that taking care of he alth and strengthening it is a natural need of a cultured person, an integral part of his life. How is the organization of physical culture and he alth-improving activities carried out on the territory of the Russian Federation? This issue, as well as other, no less interesting points, including activities, methods of providing, functionality, plans for the development of physical culture and he alth work, will be studied in this article.
Physical and recreational work as an essential element of society
To begin with, it should be noted that the subclass of sports and recreational activities according to OKVED includesthe following work, the main purpose of which is to provide comfort and improve the physical condition of a person. It is advisable to include here the activities of saunas, steam and Turkish baths, solariums, showers, resorts with sources of mineral origin, weight loss and weight loss salons, massage rooms (with the exception of structures in which therapeutic massage is performed), centers for physical culture and sports, rooms recreation, fitness centers, stress relief rooms and more. It is important to note that the presented subclass somehow excludes the provision of services for the purpose of treatment (classification - 85140). Having fully considered the sports and recreation activities according to OKVED, it is advisable to go directly to the principle of this system.
The main meaning of the principle of the he alth-improving nature of physical exercises is that physical education should help to strengthen and maintain he alth, as well as increase a person's ability to adapt to new conditions of life if necessary. As you know, physical activity at an optimal level, together with a rational lifestyle and appropriate nutrition, is considered an effective method in preventing many diseases and, accordingly, increasing life expectancy. Physical culture and he alth-improving activity ensures the adaptation of the respiratory, cardiovascular and other systems to the conditions of muscle activity; reduces the duration of recovery in functional terms after shifts that are caused by physical activity; improves and activatesmetabolic processes in the body, and also significantly improves the functioning of the central nervous system.
You need to know that physical education regularly positively affects the activity of the excretory and digestive organs, because they result in an improvement in intestinal and stomach motility, an increase in secretory function, and strengthening of the abdominal muscles. In addition to the healing effect, physical education has a training effect on a person. In other words, physical culture and he alth-improving activity involves an increase in physical and mental performance, as well as the level of development of motor characteristics. In addition, motor skills and abilities are created and improved, which are very important for everyday human life. So, physical activity and physical activity imply the development of a number of effects that lead to an improvement in the mechanisms of the adaptive-regulatory plan:
- Saving effect. In other words, the current forms of physical culture and he alth-improving activities in the daily routine of both a child and an adult lead to extremely economical cardiac activity, a decrease in oxygen consumption in the process of human life, and so on.
- Antihypoxic effect. We are talking about improving the processes of blood supply in tissues, expanding the range of lung ventilation, increasing the number of mitochondria, and so on.
- Effect against stress. In other words, almost all types of physical culture and he alth-improving activities that exist today involveincreasing the resistance of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in relation to adverse environmental factors.
- Effect of gene regulation. We are talking about the activation of the synthesis of many proteins, cell hypertrophy, and so on.
- Psychoenergetic effect. In accordance with it, the level of mental performance increases, positive emotions begin to prevail, and so on.
It is worth noting that the entire complex of effects presented increases the level of the body's resistance to environmental influences, improves the functioning of the vegetative systems of the human body, serves as a means of strengthening immunity, prevents aging and, of course, implies an increase in life expectancy.
Technologies of physical culture and he alth-improving activities and rules for their implementation
In order for physical education to have a positive effect on human he alth, a number of rules must be observed. Among them, we note the following:
- Methods and means of physical education should be used subject to the he alth value and scientific validity. So, for example, extracurricular activities of physical culture and he alth-improving activities for schoolchildren are organized in accordance with certain provisions that are fundamentally different from the rest.
- Physical activity should be selected according to the individual characteristics of the body. In other words, it is necessary to take into account age, gender, professional activity, state of he alth andetc.
- When using the currently existing forms of physical culture and he alth-improving activities in the daily routine of adolescents and adults, it is necessary to ensure the unity and regularity of pedagogical, medical control, as well as self-control. It should be added that the content and frequency of control by doctors or teachers depend on the state of human he alth, the level of physical activity, the methods and means of physical education used, as well as the mode of motor work.
As it turned out, the technologies of physical culture and he alth-improving activities are developed in accordance with the principle of he alth-improving orientation. It is necessary to know that if it is observed, specialists in physical education and sports must organize physical education in such a way that it simultaneously implements both developmental and preventive functions. This means that through physical exercises it is possible and necessary to compensate for the lack of physical inactivity (in other words, physical activity), which occurs in the conditions of modern life; prevent the development of diseases related to professional and educational work; improve the body's functional capabilities, increasing the level of its resistance to the harmful effects of the environment and performance.
Functions of physical culture and he alth work
To achieve the main goals of physical culture and he alth-improving activities, it is necessary to conscientiously perform the relevant functions. It should be noted that the concept of a functional implies an action or impact, as a result of which the expected effect appears. Under the functions of physical culture and he alth work, it is customary to understand the properties that are objectively inherent in it, associated with the impact on human relations or directly on a person, the satisfaction and development of certain needs of a social and personal type. It is the functionality that is able to reveal the content and foundations of sports and recreational activities, as well as its significance for the individual and society as a whole.
It is important to note that all the functions of this type of activity are classified into two large groups: social and specific. The latter are the properties that allow you to fully satisfy the natural needs of the individual associated with motor activity, optimize the development and physical condition of his body on this basis in accordance with the laws of he alth promotion, and also ensure physical capacity, which is somehow necessary for life. To date, it is customary to distinguish the following types of specific functions of physical culture and he alth work:
- Special educational features. It is important to note that these functions of physical culture and he alth-improving activity are maximally expressed when physical education is used in the general educational system for the systematic creation of a fund of motor skills that is important for life, as well as the skills associated with them.
- Application functions are expressed first in usephysical culture in the system of preparation of a special plan for a certain work as a factor of physical training of a professional and applied nature. In preschool and school institutions, in this case, extracurricular activities of sports and recreational activities are used.
- Sport functions are extremely brightly expressed in the field of sports of the highest achievements. Their manifestation lies in the fact that physical education is one of the factors for achieving the intended results in the implementation of physical and other related abilities of the individual.
- He alth-rehabilitation and recreational functions. One of the forms of physical culture and he alth-improving activity is the development of institutions that use physical education in the field of leisure organization or in the field of special rehabilitation measures, where physical activity is used as an effective method of combating fatigue; restoration of the body's functional capabilities, which are temporarily lost; satisfy the demands of the emotional nature of man.
Social functions of physical culture and he alth work
You need to know that general educational, general cultural and other functions of a social orientation that are associated with the use of physical education in society are classified into the following categories:
- Aesthetic functions, according to which all methods of physical culture and he alth-improving activities that exist today lead to the satisfaction of human needs in terms of he alth, physical perfection, and also toachieving overall harmonious development.
- Normative functions suggest that the content of the type of activity under consideration is based on certain standards, which are endowed with an estimated and regulatory value. It is advisable to include here the norms of physical training, indicators of achievements in the field of sports, the rules for establishing physical activity, as well as the criteria for physical perfection, which are of a general nature.
- Information functions play a decisive role in the accumulation, subsequent dissemination and transmission of valuable information about a person, his capabilities, methods and means of increasing the potential from generation to generation.
It should be remembered that the activity of physical culture and he alth and sports organizations currently occupies an important place in the field of direct public contacts. This fact is closely related to the role of physical education in the overall process of social integration and socialization of the individual. It is important to add that in the general complex of factors of the purposeful creation of a personality, which are of a social nature, the use of both physical education and culture, in the general sense of the word, is somehow subordinate to educational goals. That is why the use of physical culture and recreation activities in kindergarten begins.
Organizational activities of physical culture and he alth work
Today, the organization of the educational process is impossible without increasing the activity of sports, he alth and physical educationmass work. Thus, the effectiveness of physical culture, he alth and sports activities, as well as related activities, is based on strengthening the mental and physical he alth of both children and adults, increasing the degree of mental performance, reducing the incidence rate and educating he althy lifestyle skills. It should be added that this has a special effect on children with OPFR. The main requirement for the presented work is a differentiated approach to people. Therefore, physical culture and he alth-improving activities in childhood are fundamentally different. So, you need to take into account the he alth status of children, their age and gender, as well as be able to identify the level of physical development and fitness.
Educational institutions and physical education
So, let's look at sports and recreation activities at school. It should be borne in mind that one of the main tasks facing an educational institution is the optimal coverage of students with sports and recreational activities during the school week, as well as the sixth school day. The organizational and content content of these events somehow allows all schoolchildren to take part in them, including those belonging to special and preparatory medical groups for he alth reasons. The types of physical culture and he alth-improving activities that exist today are conditionally classified into 4 categories:
- He alth education.
- Physical and he alth-improving classes.
- Extracurricular activities sports-mass orientation.
- Work of associations of club-sectional type.
Methods for ensuring physical culture and he alth work
The development of physical culture and he alth-improving activities involves the use of certain methods. For example, some schools now offer special lectures on he alth and sports as an essential form of he alth education for children. In addition, medical staff of educational institutions prepare conversations, design various types of visual propaganda (stands, bulletins, lightning, special issues, and so on). In educational institutions today, mass cultural and recreational events are widely held on the 6th school day. They serve as an active form of recreation and, of course, help to reduce the level of fatigue, improve the performance of children and reduce the degree of fatigue. Every school develops its own plan of physical culture and he alth-improving activities. Responsible employees must adhere to it and make adjustments only after discussing the details with management.
Subjects of physical culture and he alth work
Currently, physical culture and he alth activities in preschool educational institutions, schools, colleges and higher educational institutions are controlled by the efforts of responsible services. For a full understanding of the issue, it is advisable to consider the top management involved in the development of plans at the state level, as well as other subjects of the region. Yes, tosubjects of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation today include:
- Physical and sports type organizations, including sports and technical societies, sports clubs, sports training centers, student leagues, state public organizations that implement competitive events in service-applied and military-applied sports.
- Sport type federations.
- Educational institutions that work in the field of physical education and sports.
- Defense-type sports and technical structures.
- Scientific associations that implement research in the field of physical education and sports.
- Olympic Committee.
- Paralympic Committee.
- Deaflympics Committee.
- Russian Special Olympics.
- Federal structure of executive management in the field of physical culture and sports, structures of executive power of subjects, as well as local government bodies that are subordinate.
- Federal structures of the executive power that manage the development of service-applied and military-applied sports.
- Unions in the field of physical culture and sports, distinguished by professionalism.
- and sports.
Plans for the development of physical educationwellness activities
It is worth noting that the development of physical culture and sports is one of the most important areas of social policy formed and implemented by the state; an effective tool for strengthening the international image of the Russian Federation and improving the he alth of the nation. That is why numerous trade unions operating in the country carry out certain work related to the development of physical culture and sports, as well as the promotion of he althy lifestyles. It is necessary to know that one of the conditions for going in for sports is the presence in collective agreements of guarantees and benefits for members of trade unions who go in for sports. Some collective contracts contain standards that provide for financial incentives for people who lead a he althy lifestyle, engage in physical education and sports.
Thus, on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is planned to hold competitions for the best staging of mass sports and physical culture and he alth-improving work. Many organizations will take part in them. It is important to note that such an experience has already been. Mass sports work in the country will also gain momentum by involving new members in systematic sports and physical culture. In addition, special attention will be paid to specialized sports and educational institutions, sports clubs and centers. The number of students in such institutions today tends to increase, which is a positive trend. Moreover, athletes-students of youth and junior ages win more and more medals every year.different denominations at the European and world championships in Olympic sports, as well as in sports, in accordance with which national teams are formed.
Making achievements public
As it turned out, today physical culture and he alth-improving activities, physical education and sports in the territory of the Russian Federation are extremely developed. That is why ensuring the publicity of the achievements and victories of individual athletes and sports teams plays an important role. An important role is also played by the promotion of a he althy lifestyle and increasing the popularity of the sports movement in the country. For this purpose, special sports glory corners are equipped in the primary organizations of sports significance in different regions. In addition, many trade union-type structures boast a whole section called "Achievements in the field of sports." Some enterprises organize photo exhibitions, place awards, diplomas and cups won at sports competitions. And, of course, every year the promotion of a he althy lifestyle, through lectures and conversations, in institutions of various levels is only gaining momentum. The fact of awareness concerns both preschool children and schoolchildren, as well as adults, as a rule, the working-age population.
Conclusion
So, we have reviewed organizational arrangements, methods of support, main functions and development plansphysical culture and he alth work in Russia. In conclusion, it should be noted that today it is fundamentally important to perform a number of functions in the studied area, which are carried out by the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation. Among them, it is important to consider the following points:
- Full provision of state policy in the field of physical culture and sports.
- Preparation and further submission to the Government of the Russian Federation of projects of federal programs related to the development of physical culture and sports.
- Organization of licensed activities in the field of physical culture and sports, as well as mandatory certification of relevant products in accordance with the legislation in force in the Russian Federation.
- Annual analysis of the performance and development of physical culture and sports in the country, as well as approval of relevant events in this area for the next year.
- Managing the education of citizens in the physical plane, the introduction of physical education and sports in the working regime, as well as in people's recreation; organization of sports competitions of a mass type, physical culture and sports festivals, sports days, as well as other events of a sports and recreational nature; ensuring full-fledged training of reserves for national teams of Russia in accordance with various sports.
- Development and subsequent approval, taking into account the adjustments of the Olympic Committee, as well as organizations of the physical culture and sports plan, of current training standards for different categories of citizens.
- Development, coordination and subsequent introduction together withfederal structure of executive power in the field of education and the federal structure of executive power in the field of he althcare in the educational process of regulatory requirements related to physical training, which are mandatory for preschoolers, schoolchildren and students. It is important to add that this provision applies to preschool and educational structures operating on the territory of the Russian Federation.
- Introduction of new types of sports and physical exercises into the programs of state importance of physical education of different categories of citizens on the basis of scientific experiments and research in this area.
- Promotion of physical culture, he althy lifestyle, sports, as well as knowledge about physical culture and sports programs in a mass manner. Publication of literature of mass importance, release of film and video materials in this area.
- Developing federal regulations related to the financing of sports and physical education.
- Establishment of norms for the provision of he alth and fitness services to the population. Formation of favorable conditions for disabled people and children who want to go in for sports.
- Accreditation of physical culture and sports associations, taking into account the adjustments of the Olympic Committee, etc.
In addition to the above functions of the supreme governing body in the field of physical culture and sports, there are other points of an additional nature. These include, for example, financing, which relates to different aspects of the type of activity under consideration. Yes, exactly fromthe state budget provides funds for scientific research in the field of physical culture and sports. The state maintains sports training centers, scientific organizations and educational structures of the relevant profile, as well as many other departments. It takes part in the preparation of national teams in various sports representing the country all over the world, as well as in scientific and methodological support. Today, the state provides software for the system of physical culture and sports, carries out functions related to the publication of educational, scientific and popular science literature on relevant topics, in accordance with the federal program for the development of physical culture and sports. And finally, it is government efforts that create a unified system for providing information in the area under consideration.
