As a result of market reforms and transformational transformations carried out in recent years, there have been dramatic changes in the living conditions of the population of Russia, which significantly affected the psychological and physical behavior of people, including the birth rate.
Thus, a demographic problem arose in Russia, which left a certain imprint on the standard of living of the population, which has significantly transformed in recent years.
The main factors in the decline in living standards are:
- a rapid decline in the income level of a certain part of the population;
- a significant proportion of the poor with a rather vague definition of the level of poverty;
- significant unemployment coupled with unpaid wages;
- destruction of the social sphere.
All of the above facts affected the well-being of the population. Problems in Russia were marked by a natural decline, followed by a cessation of population growth, which led to its decline. Thus, the formationinefficient model of internal and external migration.
The demographic problem in Russia was the result of the use of "shock therapy", which led to a drop in incomes of citizens, and hopes for their restoration in the coming decades are small. Thus, based on historical data, only in 2002 did real incomes of the population reach the level of 1997.
The main factor in the two-fold decline in the standard of living of Russian citizens in comparison with 1991. is inadequate pay. Due to its significant decline, wages have ceased to function:
- reproductive (is not a guarantee of even the simplest reproduction of the labor force of a citizen);
- economic (does not stimulate productivity and labor quality);
- social.
The demographic problem in Russia indicates a very low consumer level of the population. Statistics confirm this. Thus, the average cost of food is about half of the total expenses of Russian families. Moreover, in other countries this figure does not exceed 30%. It should be noted that all this is happening in the presence of huge resources.
The demographic problem in Russia reflects the natural population decline that began in 1992. In that year, the death and birth curves intersected, and it is not yet possible to detect signs of significant improvement.
Of course, onRussian demographic problems leaves its mark on a similar situation in other states. For example, in many countries, there is a significant decline in fertility, which in the near future may lead to a slowdown in population growth. However, the demographic problem in the world is determined not only by a decrease in population growth, but also by such factors as the climatic features of the regions, the state of their external environment, social and economic living conditions.
