Socio-demographic policy in Russia is a basic element in shaping the concept of the country's economy.
The level of social welfare within the country and indicators of its external economic position as a subject of the economic world space depend on the provision of labor resources.
Population policy: what is it
The purpose of this sphere of state regulation is to provide the necessary labor resources for the country. The state of all the most important forms of social life depends on this: the economy, the quality of life of different social strata of the population, the level of the country's defense capability. What indicators form the socio-demographic picture of Russia:
- replacement rate;
- dynamic indicators of population size and structure;
- death/birth rate;
- number of concluded and dissolved marriages;
- migration indicators.
All other status indicatorsSocieties in the state in dynamics over 10-15 years, on the basis of which an analytical cross-section is made, identify problems that require immediate solutions, or negative trends and develop measures to neutralize them.
What is social policy
The purpose of social policy is to improve the quality of life of the population through the implementation of social programs and state support for certain groups of the population. A successful social policy is a condition for achieving the goal of Russia's demographic policy.
For example, the Maternity Capital program is supported by the state and has outlined a good prospect for increasing the average birth rate in Russia.
However, the social sphere is not always ready to provide conditions in this area. Indicative is the situation with the growth of the birth rate, to which the demographic policy of Russia has led. 2013 revealed a deficit in the number of places in preschool educational institutions, this problem remains relevant in the near future. An imbalance can lead to undesirable social consequences. In addition to these negative aspects, the lack of places in kindergartens does not allow parents to realize their full labor potential.
Indicators of population reproduction in Russia
Despite the measures taken to increase the population in Russia over the past ten years, the trend towards population depopulation continues.
Despite the fact that the birth rate tends to increase (on average by 15%), however, the high mortality rates of the working-age population leave the issue of population reproduction unresolved.
The demographic policy of Russia at the beginning of the century showed its inefficiency. The lowest birth rate was in 2000. In the future, this demographic hole should manifest itself by 2020, when the ratio of people of retirement and working age will reach critical proportions.
It was during the period of the lowest reproduction of the population that the Concept of Demographic Policy until 2015 and the prospect until 2025 to create conditions for stabilizing the process of population reproduction was adopted.
Migration processes in modern Russia
Due to fundamental changes in the country's economy over the past decades, the reduction of development programs for the northern regions, the outflow of the working-age population from these areas was significant and amounted to more than eight percent of the total population of the Far North (more than 1 million people).
There are serious changes in the proportion of legal and illegal migration flow of residents of the countries of the Commonwe alth of Independent States (CIS). that is why the Demographic Development Concept contains the task of creating programs to attract promising young specialists from the CIS, to return compatriots from foreign countries.
Institute of Family and Marriage
The institution of family and marriage is the basic social unit of society. It is in it that the principles of the social structure, culture, views, social views, and the orientation of the individual are laid.
For the successful realization of social prospects, it is the family that is an indicator of he althy relationships. Therefore, the demographic policy of Russia relies on the development of the institution of family and marriage. What measures should help strengthen this important social institution? They are provided for by the program to support the institution of the family and serve the purpose of not only strengthening it, but also developing the spiritual and moral foundations of the unit of society:
- Counseling and psychological support for families, solving the problem of preserving the family and preventing divorce.
- Promoting the value of marriage and raising children, as well as the adoption of children left without parental care.
- Reducing the number of abortions.
- Increasing parental responsibility for the upbringing and development of children.
Concept, program, plan and population policy
Concept is an ideological position that is a postulate for all other documents and decisions at the federal, regional and local levels. General vision of the country's demographic situation and strategic directions in solving the identified problems.
The demographic policy of Russia is carried out within the framework of the program by areas of activity.
Determined by the area of problem solving (maternity and childhood protection, support for persons of retirement age, prevention of antisocial behavior of youth, etc.) and organizational scale (federal, regional, municipal levels).
Plan - spatio-temporal localization of activities in accordance with the developed program. The plan is expressed in specific figures and dates. At the end of the year, it is subject to analysis in relation to the actual indicators against the planned ones.
What are the current priorities
As priorities, according to the adopted Concept, which decides the demographic policy of Russia in 2014 for the present period and until 2025, the following can be distinguished:
- Decrease in mortality (especially maternal and infant mortality).
- Increasing the active life expectancy of the population to 75 years of age.
- Sustaining the dynamics of the increase in the birth rate.
- Strengthening the institution of the family.
- Attracting labor migrants.
The solution of the set demographic tasks is directly dependent on the effectiveness of social measures aimed at stabilizing economic processes, reducing the stratification of society, creating favorable social conditions and improving the living standards of the population.
Socio-demographic policy in modern Russia, its significance and prospects
For the effectiveness and predictability of the given parameters, it is important to provide not only a successful increase in the quantitative indicators of population growth, but also to provide this growth with qualitysocial life. Demographic policy in Russia assumes in the period up to 2025:
- Reduce the death rate of the working-age population by at least 1.6 times.
- More than halve maternal and infant mortality.
- Increase the he alth of the population, create motivation for a he althy lifestyle.
- Increase the birth rate by 1.5 times, achieve population reproduction through the birth of the second and subsequent children.
At the moment, the legitimacy of the provisions declared by Russia's demographic policy is confirmed by statistical data. Natural population growth according to 2012 data was noted in forty constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The population level of 143 million people, which was planned for 2015, has already been reached. But the goals remain relevant.
Demographic policy and the specifics of the mentality in Russia
Thus, the demographic policy of Russia, briefly presented in the Concept and detailed in social programs, is a system of influence of the state and social institutions on processes in society in order to improve quantitative indicators and demographic development.
Population policy in Russia does not change, but only develops the original Russian traditions in understanding the value of the family and family upbringing of children.
Russian mentality has always contained the spiritual and moral principle of justice and equality in society,availability of benefits for all its members.
Based on these priorities, the policy of the state is doomed to success, since it is identical to the Russian traditional understanding of the relationship between man and society.
