One of the central streets of the capital is called Krymsky Val. Krymsky because once there were courtyards in which the ambassadors of the Crimean Khan lived. And Val because the 1252-meter long street is part of the 16-km (15, 6) Garden Ring, which was once a closed earthen rampart, which was part of the fortifications built around Moscow.
History in toponyms
The need for it arose after the raid of Kazy Giray, the Crimean Khan, who devastated the city. Within one year (1591-1592), a shaft was poured, on which a 5-meter wooden wall was erected. A moat was dug from its outer side, later filled with water. In the wall itself, built on the orders of Boris Godunov, there were about 100 blind towers and 34 exit towers with gates. Krymsky Val is a street passing through the historical district of Moscow - Yakimanka, so named due to Bolshaya Yakimanka Street, which, in turn, got its name from the chapel of Saints Joachim and Anna in the Church of the Annunciation,built here in 1493 and demolished in 1969. The history of Moscow can be traced in the names of streets and districts.
Border with Zamoskvorechie
So, the Garden Ring got its name thanks to the plan of A. P. Tormasov in 1816, obliging the owners of houses built on both sides of a cobbled street that appeared on the site of a demolished medieval rampart and a filled-in moat, without fail to plant gardens and front gardens.
Overgrown plantings were demolished during the Stalinist reconstruction of the capital. And yet, until the end of the 19th century, these places, popularly nicknamed Skorodom, under the constant threat of flooding, were, in fact, city dumps. In the area of Krymsky Val, among other things, there were also the possessions of the merchant Sveshnikova, the city hospital, a petty-bourgeois school, an untidy market, an almshouse and vegetable gardens.
Part of what was sung in the songs of the Garden Ring
Krymsky Val, located in the very center of the capital, is fenced on one side by the Krymsky Bridge, and on the other, by Kaluga Square. In total, the Garden Ring consists of 16 streets and the same number of squares. This is one of the historical borders of Moscow, which once bore the name of Earthen City. After the walls of the Kremlin, Kitay-gorod, White City, this is the fourth fortress wall of the capital. Serious reconstruction began in Soviet times. In 1923, the All-Russian Agricultural and Handicraft-Industrial Exhibition was located on this territory. After its demolition in 1928, a park was laid out here, whichin 1932 it was named after A. M. Gorky. Krymsky Val Street, which runs along Gorky Park, which has become a landmark of Moscow, was decorated in 1950 with a beautiful new cast-iron fence. The main entrance to the park is also located here, which can be reached by metro, the nearest stations are Park Kultury and Oktyabrskaya.
Start of all future opening days
Already in the 70s of the last century, a building was erected on the opposite side of the main entrance from the main entrance, in which the Central House of Artists and the exposition of the Tretyakov Gallery were located under one roof. This complex perfectly complements the park of arts, formed in the 90s. Monuments that were out of date at that time were demolished here from the streets of Moscow.
The peculiar exhibition "Krymsky Val", where you can admire sculptures and monuments, is known throughout Moscow. In the same area, another popular exposition called "Real Estate" is held twice a year. There are no old buildings here, all buildings of the Soviet period. Actually, the Tretyakov Gallery received the right to house in this building in 1985, and in 2000 the exhibition "Art of the 20th century" was opened here on a permanent basis.
New Tretyakov Gallery
Every Muscovite and guest of the capital knows Krymsky Val Street, the gallery and the House of Artists, located on it at number 10. The very name of the exposition located here "Art of the 20th century" implies the presence of large areas occupied by the exhibition. More than 40 halls are located on 12 thousand square meters. Building, constructionwhich was completed only in 1983, was specially developed as a branch of the famous gallery, and it received the appropriate name among the people - “new Tretyakovskaya”.
Krymsky Val has become a kind of continuation of Lavrushinsky Lane, although it is inferior to it in terms of attendance, which, in principle, is not surprising. Everything has its time. And art, full of events of the 20th century, with all schools, directions that changed as a result of unprecedented wars and revolutions, should be located separately, in modern interiors corresponding to it. The building is very beautiful. The entire exposition is divided into sections, which are arranged in accordance with chronology. The coverage period is from 1910 up to the present day. There are sections devoted to the "Jack of Diamonds", Russian avant-garde, socialist realism, non-conformism of the Brezhnev era, and contemporary artists. The exposition is huge and very interesting.
