Despite the rapid globalization processes, in the modern world there are also processes of separation of states and nations. Therefore, it is not surprising that the racial theory that was
popular in the world in the first half of the twentieth century. Its roots can be found in antiquity. In world history, racial theory has changed content, but the ends and means have remained the same. In the article, we will consider in more detail and clearly what is its meaning.
So, in a nutshell, racial theory is the theory that one race is superior to another. It is wrong to believe that it was German National Socialism that was the founder of racial theory, and even more so that it was not the founder of racism. Such ideas first appeared in society long before the concepts of "Nazism", "fascism", etc. were introduced. Back in the 19th century. this theory began to attract more and more attention. Scientifically speaking, according to racial toriiit is racial difference that plays a decisive role in the cultural, historical and moral development of the people, and even influences the state system. By the way, racial theory is not limited to biological indicators.
Studying this direction, it is easy to come to the conclusion that not all races are equal, that there are so-called "higher" and "lower" races. The destiny of the higher ones is to build states, rule the world and command. Accordingly, the destiny of the lower races is to obey the higher ones. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the roots of any racism lie precisely in racial torii. The line between these concepts is so thin that they are often identified with each other.
The supporters of these ideas were Nietzsche and de Gobineau. The latter belongs to the racial theory of the origin of the state. According to this theory, people are divided into lower (Slavs, Jews, Gypsies) races and higher (Nordic, Aryan). The first must blindly obey the second, and the state is needed only so that the higher races can command the lower. This theory was used by the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War. However, according to research, there is no connection between race and intelligence. This was also confirmed by the results of World War II.
Hitler's racial theory, more properly called Nazi racial theory, was based on the idea of the superiority of the Aryan race over other peoples.
At first these ideas justifieddiscrimination, and then the destruction of not only the "lower" races, but also the mentally ill, crippled children, seriously ill, homosexuals, disabled people for the sake of the "purity of the Aryan race", a race that came from India and, according to the propaganda of the Third Reich, was the only
"superior" race. The theory formed the basis of the "racial hygiene" developed in the Third Reich. A sign of a "pure race" was blond hair, specific anthropometric data and, in particular, light eye color. The threat to the purity of the Aryan race was, along with the Jews, the gypsies. This was a certain difficulty for the ideologists of Nazism, since the gypsies are genetically and ethnically similar to the Indians and speak the language of the Indo-European group. The exit has been found. The Gypsies were declared the result of a mixture of pure Aryan blood and lower races, which means they were subject to destruction along with the Slavs and Jews.
