In today's world there are many payment services and goods. Let's talk about it and see what payment systems exist.
Defining terminology
So what is a payment system? This is a set of organizational actions, forms, procedures that improve the system of monetary circulation. In fact, this is a huge number of contractual relations, rules, methods that enable absolutely all participants to carry out financial transactions and settle accounts with each other.
What are the challenges facing payment systems?
Payment systems perform a number of tasks:
- Safety and efficient operation.
- Reliability, which guarantees the absence of any disruptions in the work of payment systems.
- Fast and economical processing of workflows.
- An honest approach that meets all the necessary criteria.
In general, for any such system, the main function is to ensure a dynamic economic turnover.
Individual elements of payment systems are very closely linked. Their relationship is carried out according to certain rules, which are listed instate regulations. The work of the Russian payment system is built on legal documents, thanks to which its functioning takes place. They regulate the set of procedures that are needed for the operation of this structure and the transfer of funds from one counterparty to another.
Payment system procedures include forms of non-cash payment, norms of payment documents and all means used for communication (software, Internet, telephone lines, hardware).
Elements of payment systems
Payment systems consist of the following elements:
- Organizations engaged in money transfers, repayment of financial obligations.
- Money instruments and systems that provide the transfer of funds between counterparties.
- Contractual relations governing the correct and clear procedure for non-cash payments.
All elements of the settlement system are very closely interconnected, their interaction occurs according to certain rules, enshrined in legal documents. Their observance is mandatory for absolutely all participants.
Types of payments
According to article 140 of the Civil Code of Russia, payments in the country are made both in cash and non-cash. We can say that they are all divided into two types. Let's talk about them in more detail.
The cash payment system involves payment for goods and services by transferring money from hand to hand. In everyday life, each of usfaces it.
Payment by bank transfer occurs without the presence of cash, instead, funds are deposited into a current account or electronic wallet.
What are the ways to pay in cash?
So, there are several ways to pay with real money. Let's list them:
- "Cash" at the box office, through couriers or by transferring funds from the customer to the contractor.
- With the help of self-service terminals Qiwi, Cyberplat, Eleksnet and many others. A person selects on the screen the service that he needs and puts banknotes into the bill acceptor. Almost all services and even loans are paid in such terminals.
- At ATMs with the function of accepting cash. Again, the desired operation is selected, the purpose of the payment is indicated, banknotes are entered.
- Payment in banks or by mail. Most people of retirement age prefer to pay for utilities there. To do this, you only need to provide a payment order or simply provide the details of the recipient, as well as give the money to the cashier.
- Another popular payment method in the country is transfers (for example, with the help of the Golden Crown, Leader companies). To apply for them, you just need to come to the selected branch, provide the recipient's data and deposit money.
Payment by bank transfer
Cashless payments can be contact andcontactless. Let's dwell on their features in more detail.
1. Paying with magnetic stripe cards is the most popular option at the moment. However, such payment methods began to gradually replace more secure cards with a chip. To make a purchase, just insert it into the terminal or swipe it through the reader. Then the person needs to enter his pin code, and the money will leave his account. That's all, the goods are paid.
2. Payment by plastic "MasterCard" or Visa. This is a very common type of contactless payment for purchases. To pay, you just need to bring the card to the terminal, and the goods will be automatically paid without specifying a pin code. Of course, this type of calculation is very convenient. The only drawback is that the amount of payment for one purchase cannot be more than a thousand rubles. It turns out that if you want to purchase a product worth, for example, two thousand, then paying in a contactless way will not work. The card will have to be inserted into the terminal and still enter the pin code. By the way, we note that not all stores have the appropriate devices.
3. There is also the option to pay with card details. This is also contactless. Most often it is used to pay for online purchases. How is the transaction carried out? You need to enter the required card details in the fields. It can be, for example, a surname, a security code. After filling in the details, you will still need to confirm the operation itself. After that, the funds will be debited from your account.
4. Payments by electronic money using Internet wallets "Yandex. Money", Kiwi, Webmoney. To pay for purchases and services, you need to open a personal wallet of any payment systems and make a payment or transfer funds using the details of the company.
5. Payment via mobile phones with NFS technology. To be honest, this contactless method is not yet very popular in Russia. The technology allows you to pay by bringing your mobile to a special reader. To be able to use this service, you need to buy a SIM card that supports NFS technology, as well as put another antenna in your phone. After that, calculations can be made with one touch by attaching a mobile phone to the terminal. The money will be debited from the smartphone account. And although in the Russian Federation, as already mentioned, the use of this technology is not yet very common, at the moment this method can still be used to pay in the Moscow metro.
6. Bank transfers using Internet banking. This is also a way of non-cash payment for services and purchases. To use it, you need to go to the Internet bank, find the correct category, enter the details and select the account for withdrawing funds. The operation is confirmed by entering the code.
All over the world, the most popular payment systems are non-cash transactions. Not only the convenience and speed of their implementation speaks in their favor, but also complete safety at relatively low cost.
What kindmore profitable settlements?
Of course, the electronic payment system is the most beneficial and convenient, no matter how you look at it. It makes it possible to make purchases very quickly, simplifies the entire payment process. Moreover, costs are reduced. Let's give a simple example when buyers and sellers are located in different regions. There is no way to do without the use of cashless payments. However, with all the visible benefits, it can only be implemented if one has a certain level of technology, culture, and education. Historically, cash was the first to appear. There were no cashless payments before, and there could not be. The level of development of society and technology simply did not allow this.
Today, cash payments are typical only for more backward countries. Expert research suggests that cashless payment systems will replace cash payments in the future.
What is the settlement system for?
The need to pay by bank transfer at one time led to the fact that a system of bank settlements with each other appeared, since payers and recipients were served by different financial institutions. In Russia, the payment system of the Russian Federation was developed for transfers between banks. Each country organizes its own structures that ensure the safe and fast circulation of funds on the territory of the state. Together they form the international settlement systems. Thanks to this, trade relations are possible between different countries, sometimes located on different continents.
Instead ofafterwords
At present, the economy of any country is a huge branched network of relationships of a large number of its constituent entities. The basis of all relationships, oddly enough, are various settlements and payments that would not be possible without a clear organization of the settlement system.
