Studying Russian legislation, many citizens are perplexed. Where do such a number of all kinds of bills, acts and other documents regulating the life of Russians come from. Who makes laws in Russia? What is the basis for their decision? Given that living under such laws in Russia is getting worse, citizens are increasingly asking this question.
Who makes federal laws in Russia
Laws, including federal ones, can be adopted in accordance with Articles 104-107 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The body that passes laws in the Russian Federation is the State Duma.
Deputies of the State Duma, members of the Government or the President can develop a law and submit it for consideration. Adoption takes place by voting by deputies. If the majority votes in favor, the law will be adopted. The text is read from the rostrum, after that they proceed to the debate and, if there are no obstacles, they vote. After that, within 5 days it is considered by the Federation Council. If it has been approved by more than 50% of the votes of the Council, it is published and the law comes into force.
How long does it take
For evaluation and adoption of the lawThe Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes a period of 2 weeks. If the law has not been adopted during this time, then it is removed from the agenda or submitted to the State Duma for amendments. Anyone who adopts laws in the Russian Federation knows that the rejection of a bill by the Federation Council does not mean that it cannot be adopted. It can be adopted bypassing the Council of Federations if, during the second reading, it is adopted by two-thirds of the number of deputies gathered for the hearing. Accordingly, the term for the adoption of the federal law is from 6 to 14 days.
Role of the President
What, what, and the President cannot be blamed for the existence of bad laws. To assert that the President of the Russian Federation adopts laws is to show ignorance of the articles of the Constitution. He can develop his own bill and take the initiative to submit it for consideration and discussion in the State Duma. But he has no right to influence the adoption of this or that act, including his own.
In some cases, the President has the right to "veto", but he can use it only once. If two thirds of the votes vote for the bill in the second reading, during the repeated voting, it will become legally binding. All laws, before being published, must be signed by the President, whether he considers it right or not.
Not the President of the Russian Federation adopts federal laws, but the State Duma. However, he can act as the initiator of the creation and adoption of a bill on the introduction or abolition of taxes, changesfinancial obligations of the state. That is, laws related to the budgetary distribution system. They can be submitted for discussion by the Duma only after the approval of the Government.
The Role of Government
A simple man in the street thinks that the Government of the Russian Federation adopts laws, and is mistaken again. The government, according to the same Constitution, does not engage in this type of activity. It belongs to the executive authorities and deals with issues related to the execution, and not the adoption of laws in the Russian Federation. The areas of development of culture, science, business, he althcare and law and order are also within the scope of the Government's activities. It monitors how local authorities comply with Russian legislation and do not violate the rights of citizens.
How a law becomes legal
After the law is approved in the Council or it is adopted unanimously by the deputies of the State Duma, it does not yet acquire legal force. In order for it to come into force, it must be published in the media (Central television, radio and Russkaya Gazeta channels, Codes). Until then, the bill is considered invalid and cannot be used.
Sometimes in a situation where a developed and adopted law cannot be used immediately due to insurmountable circumstances, the date of its entry into legal force may be delayed for several years. It must also be published. It will enter into force with the specifiedthere are dates in it. Those who make laws in the Russian Federation do it so that citizens can get acquainted in advance with the fact that by a certain moment the law will come into force.
When a law is invalidated
The decision on the invalidity of the adopted law is made by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. After the decision is made, it becomes invalid, and other acts are applied instead.
The reason for its invalidation may be the contradiction of its already adopted federal laws and acts. Such a need may arise if it turns out that a similar bill has already been passed. Those who make laws in the Russian Federation do not always know that they already exist and either do not work or are not applied.
Trial proceedings are usually appointed at the request of deputies, members of the Council, prosecutors, judges, lawyers. After an appropriate decision is made, information on the recognition of the law as invalid must be published. Only after that this decision will be considered to have entered into force.
The text of the law may also specify the period during which it is valid and after which its action is cancelled. The one who adopts laws in the Russian Federation does this in cases where the bill was adopted in a certain period for certain purposes. For example, during the preparations for the Olympic Games in Sochi 2014, laws were adopted in the field of civil, land and tax legislation, which ceased to operate with theirending.
