How many professors and scientists do we know who later became political leaders? Nowadays, most often politicians become people with a special education, or leaders of large enterprises. But during the years of perestroika, events developed somewhat differently. Those who created the parties had one goal - to carry their ideas to the masses, wishing a better life for the people. They did not pursue the goal of snatching a place "at the trough". One of those ordinary citizens who want to make the world a better place was Nina, a teacher at one of the USSR Research Institutes.
Quick Statements
Andreeva Nina Alexandrovna - Russian chemist and politician of Soviet and modern Russia. Despite the fact that the public did not always perceive her positively, the woman was able to influence the course of history. The 78-year-old woman gained her popularity after the publication of an essay (article by N. Andreeva) “I cannot compromise my principles.” Some critics believe that this text could be one of the reasons for the collapseSoviet Union. But is it really so? Let's figure it out.
Biography: Nina Andreeva
October 12, 1938 in Leningrad (USSR) girl Nina was born. Her father was a simple port worker. He died at the front during World War II.
Nina Andreeva got her upbringing from her mother, who worked as a mechanic at the Kirov plant. The war took away from the future chemist not only his father, but also his older brother and sister.
Since childhood, Nina Andreeva loved science. She studied hard at school, so she received a gold medal upon her graduation. Having received a secondary education, a young woman enters the Leningrad Technological Institute, choosing the speci alty and profession of a chemist. But she was more interested not in science itself, but in the high scholarship that was provided for special education. The girl at that time experienced great financial difficulties. After graduation, the young woman's speci alty was working with special ceramics.
Nina Andreeva graduated with honors. Later, she successfully completed her postgraduate studies and received a Ph. D. in Engineering.
Years of work
After graduation, Nina Andreeva worked at the Research Institute of Quartz Glass as a researcher. Following this, she taught physical chemistry to students at the Leningrad Technological Institute.
In 1966, a woman joined the Communist Party of the USSR, considering herself an atheist. By decision of the management, the initiativeAndreeva Nina Alexandrovna, for whom science has always taken first place, was fired from her job. She was expelled from the party. But in 1981, Nina Aleksandrovna was reinstated both in her position and in membership after passing the test of a citizen of the CPC (Central Committee of the CPSU).
Chikin Valentin, editor-in-chief of the Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper, says: when he was collecting information about Andreeva before publishing her famous article, the rector's office provided the journalist with the most colorful description of the woman's work. And Nina Andreeva taught from 1972 to 1991.
Harassment of Andreeva and change of occupation
In the beginning of 1988, the newspaper "Soviet Russia" published an article written by Nina Andreeva, "I can't compromise my principles." Three weeks later, what was written was disavowed by Pravda in the article “Principles of Perestroika: Revolutionary Thinking and Action.”
After that, the persecution of Andreeva began. It all ended with the fact that Nina Alexandrovna's husband survived several heart attacks, and the teacher herself was "expelled" from her place of work.
What's next?
This, of course, was a difficult turning point in Andreeva's life. But already in 1989, a woman headed the All-Union Society (Party) "Unity", which defended Leninism and the political ideals of Russia. In 1991, Andreeva became the leader of the Bolshevik Platform in the CPSU party
And from the end of the autumn of the same year, Nina Aleksandrovna became the head of the All-Union Communist Party organization. But, according to ourheroine, she never rushed to power. Everything happened by itself.
Followed by lectures to students of institutes that "socialism is invincible." At the same time, a woman politician, the leader of a large party, lived in a modest Khrushchev, not bothering herself with the problems associated with improving her life.
Famous writings
In parallel with her fruitful political activities, Nina Andreeva manages to write books and publish articles:
- 368-page collection: Ungifted Principles, or A Short Course in the History of Perestroika, 1993.
- "Slandering socialism is unacceptable", 1992.
- Collection of lectures "For Bolshevism in the Communist Movement", 2002.
- Famous article of 2 pages - "I can not compromise principles", 1988.
What is the famous article talking about?
In the spring, March 13, 1988, Andreeva's article "I can't compromise my principles" was published. The text of the letter is a cry from the soul of a Soviet teacher. The article condemns materials published in the media, in which, after the start of the implementation of the perestroika plan, they began to criticize socialism and Stalin's policies.
Andreeva declares that, of course, like all Soviet people, she has a negative attitude towards the policy of the USSR leadership of the times when cruel massacres took place, repressions were carried out against people (30-40s). But Nina Alexandrovna also points out that you should not spread your anger on the policy of the former leaders in general, asit's done in the media.
Andreeva praises Stalin with might and main in her letter. As a defensive argument, the woman cites a fake letter from Churchill. The teacher demands a return to the former party-class assessments of Stalin's policy. According to Andreeva, what was said in the press at the time of writing her text distorts history, replaces facts.
The author assures that people who criticize socialism are adherents of the West and cosmopolitanism. Supporters of "peasant socialism" were also subjected to merciless criticism from Andreeva. In the preface to the article, a quote from Gorbachev was used, in which the politician stated that Marxist-Leninist principles should not be compromised under any pretext.
What next?
At the end of March 1988, Nina Andreeva's letter was discussed in the Politburo at the urgent request of M. Gorbachev himself. At the meeting, Dmitry Yazov supported the teacher, focusing on the merits of Stalin during the Great Patriotic War. Allegedly, without such a leader, victory could not have been achieved.
For many researchers and historians, the moment the article appeared and the subsequent discussion could become the key moments of perestroika. But according to the author herself (N. Andreeva), her letter was a response to the texts of Alexander Prokhanov.
Andreeva's husband
After college, Nina Andreeva married a teacher at the same research institute where she worked herself. The biographies and views on the life of the spouses were very similar.
V. I. Klyushin January 23, 1926. After school he entered the Leningrad aviation school. During the blockade of the city, he worked at a military factory as a turner. In 1943, Klyushin went to the front, where he was a Komsomol organizer of a company of submachine gunners. He was seriously wounded in 1944 in the battle for Leningrad. After the hospital, the guy served in the First Tomsk Artillery School, then became commander in chief in a firing platoon. He had many awards and orders for the defense of the country.
After the end of military service, Klushin enters the Leningrad State University. Zhdanov, at the Faculty of Philosophy. Having received a red diploma, after high school he goes to work at the Chemical-Technological Institute. In 1971 he defended his doctorate and became a professor.
Klyushin and Andreeva have lived a long life together. In October 1996, the man died. The state of his he alth was affected by the stresses of the late 80s, when unflattering statements rushed towards his wife and all family members from everywhere. Nevertheless, Andreeva's husband was always proud of his wife, was her support and support until the end of his days.
Russian (Soviet) chemist Nina Andreeva contributed to the history of perestroika and remains in the memory of many citizens. Her letter is studied by children at school in history lessons. In addition, a well-known chemist and teacher has contributed to scientific activities. But for most of today's youth, she will remain "Granny-Ninulka", as her children once called her, a woman who was able to resist the system, defending herpolitical views and citizenship.
