Park (park zone) is an intracity territory, which combines elements of the natural landscape and the engineering and architectural complex. As a rule, such zones are created for the rest of citizens.
City park area must meet certain requirements. First of all, it is a comfortable ecological environment, favorable conditions for recreation, convenient location, availability of catering places, toilets, garbage containers, seating areas, etc. Each park is individual and unique.
The level of landscaping in different parks is not the same, but most often it is 70-80% of green spaces of the total area. Usually special paths are laid there, which are often laid out from crushed stone, brick or slabs. Part of the territory is in the irrigation zone. For the convenience of vacationers, parks are equipped with benches and outdoor lighting.
Since park areas are also understood as places of organization of production, a more accurate definition of a classic park is a park of culture and recreation. Total inThere are more than 2,000 parks of culture and recreation in the country. In the photo, park areas may look completely different.
The role of parks in the life of citizens
Although cities are adapted for a comfortable human life, they are not the best place to maintain mental harmony and physical he alth. The life of a city dweller is full of stress, fuss, and in addition to this, there are also problems with the environment. Many suffer from a sedentary lifestyle. The creation of parks can help partially solve these problems.
The main purpose of park areas in the city is to provide leisure, recreation (including active) for a large number of city residents. The most important requirements for them are the availability of places for a relaxing holiday, places for active recreation with playgrounds and entertainment areas. An additional attribute of the park can be a monument of architecture or landscape art.
According to statistics, in the parks of culture and recreation in the first half of the day senior citizens prefer to relax. By the end of the day, on the contrary, mostly young or middle-aged who want to take a break from busy work hours. In winter, the main visitors to park areas are fans of winter sports.
Parks with an abundance of green spaces have a positive effect on the nervous system, well-being and mood of vacationers.
The indirect role of park areas is to improve the ecology of the city. They help clean the air and reduce urban density.
Basiccity park functions
In addition to the tasks that parks solve, they also have a certain set of functions:
- Maintain attractions that must be accessible to all visitors.
- Satisfying the needs of people in cultural and leisure services. They should be available, including for low-income citizens.
- Ensuring the functioning of sports facilities, monitoring their condition, accessibility for the population.
- Ensuring the operation of dance floors, discos, dance schools.
- Staging performances, concerts and other similar performances.
- Ensuring the functioning of car parks and parking zones.
- Rental of the necessary inventory and equipment.
- Provision of trading services for the sale of ice cream, drinks, cotton candy, etc.
What is needed to organize the park
Russian legislation provides for a number of requirements for the organization and operation of parks:
- For the operation of the facility, permission from Gostekhnadzor is required.
- Before starting work, all debris generated on the territory must be removed by 9:00. There should also be no other foreign objects.
- In winter, roads and paths need to be regularly cleared of snow and ice.
- The level of illumination of the recreation area at night during the opening hours of the park must be at least 100 lux.
- Minimum seating per 200m2 area is 5.
- Minimum number of bins per 100 m2 territoryis 1 unit.
- Each attraction must have a first aid kit to provide first aid to the injured. She must be in the controller's booth.
- Park staff should answer all important questions from visitors.
- Do not walk dogs in the park area. It is also forbidden to light fires, smoke, drink alcohol (including beer), and ride bicycles outside special lanes.
Beautification
Due to the unfavorable environmental situation and the growth of cities, much attention is paid to park areas. Now the main direction of the improvement of new or existing parks is the creation of an environment that contrasts with the surrounding city. Planting trees, flowers, shrubs, creating reservoirs and fountains, flowerbeds and lawns are trying to make it as harmonious as possible, giving an opportunity for a relaxing break from the bustle of the city. Thus, the improvement of the park area is of paramount importance.
Earlier, the contrast effect, of course, was not as great as it is now. Indeed, in recent years, the number of green spaces has declined sharply. This is due to the increase in the number of cars, the compaction of buildings, the lack of quality planning at the district level, the fear of strong winds and falling trees, as well as the low ecological culture of the population. As a result, the cities became deforested, became bare and dull. And now the relevance of the creation and improvement of park areas is especially great. Unfortunately, mass development often prevents the appearance of parks.and may even lead to a reduction in existing ones.
How parks are designed
Even the most primitive park area usually provides, in addition to tree planting, other landscape activities. In some parks, the emphasis is on preserving (or giving) the natural look of the natural environment, and such recreation areas are usually called forest parks. However, much more often the territory is cultivated, that is, they give it an urban look. They plant lawns, remove old trees, thickets, create alleys, install benches, and conduct lighting. Most often, they try to plant large and medium-sized trees that provide shade and freshness, contribute to the fight against air pollution.
Landscape designers may be involved in the design and construction of park areas.
Views of parks
According to the type of design of the park area, all parks are divided into several varieties, although combined options are possible:
- Actually the park of culture and recreation. Green spaces are of the greatest importance in it. In such places you can just relax, but there are also entertainment facilities.
- Amusement park. In addition to greenery, there are many carousels (i.e. attractions) in such park areas. Some of them are intended mainly for children, others - for teenagers or adults. A frequent attribute is a tall ferris wheel.
- Botanical park. A distinctive feature of such recreation areas is a large number of exotic plants. It is also a testing ground for scientific research.
- Exhibition parks. In such park areas, there is much less greenery, and demonstrative pavilions occupy a significant part of the territory.
- Forest park zones. Their distinguishing feature is a lower level of grooming and the predominance of natural green spaces. Such parks are often created on the site of already existing natural forests. There are few different buildings. The area is quite large. Old cemeteries may also have similar characteristics. Gradually overgrown with forest, they also turn into natural green areas that contrast sharply with the surrounding urban environment. All these places are characterized by peace and quiet. That is what big cities lack so much.
- Coastal recreation areas. These are also natural places, but the main thing in them is the opportunity to relax (and sometimes go fishing) on the shore of the reservoir. There are natural green spaces, plantings, infrastructure facilities. Some have historical objects.
- Gardening and park areas are more typical for rural areas. They combine elements of park design and plantings of cultivated plants, including fruit trees.
Park areas of Moscow
Moscow is one of the most comfortable and we althy cities in Russia. Great attention is paid to the creation of parks and green areas. The huge area of the city and heavy pollution require as much greenery as possible. There are parks of all types in Moscow, each of which has its own personality. Below we will consider the most popular and largest parks of the capital.
Park of Culture. Gorky
This park recreation area is considered the main recreation area of the Russian capital. It does not differ in a large amount of greenery, but has a significant area and a large number of different establishments. Every day it receives a huge number of people. This park was founded in 1928, and in 2011 it was reconstructed. There are many attractions here, there are bike paths, Internet access, phone chargers, a mother and child room, a summer cinema, ponds, fountains, manicured lawns, etc. Various events, festivals, and exhibitions are held. There is a place for yoga in the open air.
Gorky Park is open around the clock, and admission is free. It is located at: st. Krymsky Val, 9 at st. metro station Oktyabrskaya.
Museon Park
This resting place is located opposite Gorky Park, on the opposite side of Krymsky Val Street. The park has a cultural focus. Here you can see over 1000 cultural exhibits. They are mostly located outdoors. There are also a large number of fountains. Other cultural facilities include a summer cinema, an artist's house, and the School pavilion. Cultural events are being held.
The park is located at: st. Krymsky Val, 2, at the station. metro station Oktyabrskaya.
A boring garden
This park is also located next to Gorky Park and is even considered as its integral part. It is located on the right bank of the Moscow River. Historical design is combined with tree plantings. It is considered one of the most ancient in the city and is under protection.states. The park has playgrounds, a football field, a cafe. There is a hunting lodge from the 18th century, from where the broadcasts of the game “What? Where? When?”
The address of this establishment is st. Leninsky prospect, 30, st. metro station "Leninsky Prospekt".
Izmailovsky Park
This is the largest park in Moscow. One part is devoted to attractions and restaurants, and the other is a natural forest where pines, birches grow, there are glades and ponds. In the waters you can ride boats and other swimming facilities. The park has everything you need for recreation: long alleys with entertainment, a skate park, 2 Ferris wheels, a children's playground, a dance floor, a sports ground, bike paths and other attributes. The address of this object: alley of the Big Circle, 7, st. Izmailovskaya metro station.
Victory Park
This place is for those who like to fry in the sun. There is almost no greenery here, and the park itself is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War. Nearby are the skyscrapers of a new district called Moscow City. Many fountains, alleys. The main object is the Museum of the Great Patriotic War.
This place is located at: st. Brothers Fonchenko, 7, art. Metro Park Pobedy.
There are many other interesting parks in Moscow, for example, Sokolniki Park, Zaryadye Park, Fili Park, Kuzminki Park, etc.
Conclusion
Thus, parks play a huge role in the lives of citizens. If they are not there, it will lead to a deterioration in mental and physical condition.many residents, as well as higher levels of air pollution. At present, chaotic and disorderly development, an increase in the number of private cars, and a low ecological culture of the population have become a serious enemy of park areas in our country. Each park area is unique in its own way and is usually designed for a large number of vacationers. Landscape designers are involved in the improvement of the territory.
