On the territory of the Russian Federation, all natural lands are subject to protection, regardless of their purpose. But there are areas that are especially carefully guarded.
These include:
- Land plots containing cultural, natural or historical heritage of specially protected areas (PAs).
- Lands and wildlife of specially protected natural areas (PAs).
What's the difference?
PAs are lands of some value, whether historical, cultural or natural.
Lands of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) are, in fact, a type of PA. This is the subsoil, bearing a rich natural value.
Why allocate ZOONT
Due to the fact that there are natural areas where many rare plants grow or unique animals are found, it was decided to take them under special control.
Due to the threat of mass destruction of vegetation or animals, hunting, agricultural activities, and even more so deforestation andconstruction of residential buildings. The concept of specially protected natural areas includes not only land, but also water bodies and airspace.
Thanks to such efforts, people were able to preserve and even increase the number of individuals of the Amur tiger, mountain wolf, Amur goral. Also, such plants were preserved, which were initially massively collected, such as Rhodiola rosea, common juniper, European bathing suit and even lily of the valley.
Reserved Natural Land Description
A specially protected natural area is not only land, but also water bodies, and even the airspace above them, where there are unique natural objects that need protection.
Such areas are national property and cannot be sold or rented to a private person.
All activities on these lands, with the exception of studying, preserving and increasing the specimens located there, are prohibited. For the normal functioning of life, a specially protected natural area implies the absence, even within reach, of harmful emissions, a ban on the construction of industrial plants. All activities that negatively affect the natural objects of protected areas are prohibited.
The boundaries of protected lands must be marked with special signs.
Types of specially protected natural areas
With various features of natural objects, their status and the presence of protected areas on the territory of erected buildingssubdivided into certain types and categories.
- Natural State Parks.
- Natural pristine reserves.
- Monuments of wildlife.
- National parks.
- Arboretums and botanical gardens.
- Healing and he alth resorts.
In a certain area, decrees of local self-government may establish other categories of specially protected natural areas - this is a kind of subspecies of the basis of the territory, which differs in certain characteristics.
Regardless of the status of the land (all-Russian or local), the rules for using it do not differ.
Specially protected natural territories of Russia are to be preserved and multiplied. All activities carried out on these lands are permitted only subject to this requirement.
Primordial Preserve
The reserve is a specially protected natural area, which is distinguished by its pristine nature. Here everything is untouched by human hand and is in such a state as Mother Nature created.
The main purpose of nature reserves is to preserve the so-called sample of how nature should look. With this in mind, scientists compare and identify the harm done to her by humanity.
All biologists understand how important it is to save even a small insect and not let animals and plants disappear. After all, then the whole food chain is disrupted, and the problems of an overabundance of some species and the disappearance of other natural objects begin.
For land to become a nature reserve, it must meet a number of requirements:
- To be as little affected by civilization as possible.
- Have unique plants and rare species of animals on your territory.
- Earths are self-regulating and not subject to self-destruction.
- Have rare terrain.
It is the nature reserves that are a traditional species and are designated as specially protected natural areas of Russia as an example of virginity and originality.
At the time of 2000, 99 protected areas were allocated in the Russian Federation. Scientific research, educational and environmental work is carried out on their territory.
Natural Monuments
These are unique natural objects that cannot be recreated with human effort.
Such natural objects may be under federal or regional jurisdiction. It all depends on the value of the natural monument.
As a rule, such objects are classified as regional property. They are essentially the pride of the region where they are.
Today, there are 28 such peculiar corners of nature of federal significance, they occupy an area of more than 19 thousand hectares.
There are much more regional unique natural areas, and they are divided into types:
- Biological, including interesting plants and animals.
- Hydrological are peculiar water bodies and rare aquatic plants and animals.
- Geological - includes unique natural fossil lands.
- Complex - corners of nature that combine two or more types of rare natural objects.
Nature Sanctuaries
Natural reserves are a specially protected natural area where endangered plants and animals are subject to conservation and restoration.
It happens that the land is declared a nature reserve, and it belongs on a leasehold basis to a private person. In this case, the issue of withdrawing or leaving the lease is decided, taking into account what activities are carried out by the owner in this territory.
Reserves as specially protected natural areas have different meanings:
- Landscape - designed to restore natural complexes.
- Biological - on their territories, biologists are trying to preserve and increase endangered animals and plants.
- Paleontological - fossil objects are especially protected here.
- Hydrological - based on the conservation of reservoirs, lakes and water bodies.
National parks
The concept of lands with a special natural, aesthetic or cultural value is embedded in this meaning. National parks are used for scientific observations, as well as organizing cultural recreation for people.
The enormous benefits of creating such protected lands have been recognized by the entire world community.
There are three national parks in the Russian Federation included in the World Cultural Heritage. Two of them - Zabaikalsky andPribaikalsky - also included in the special protected zone of Lake Baikal.
Arboretums and botanical gardens
Recently, arboretums have been actively growing and expanding. This is due to the development of resort areas and the emergence of an increasing number of recreational facilities operating in environmentally friendly conditions.
Botanical gardens are designed to preserve the rarest and most endangered plant species. In addition, there are various experiments aimed at protecting endangered species.
Arboretums are used for educational purposes. Informative excursions are held on their territory, telling and showing people all kinds of outlandish trees, shrubs and herbs.
In addition to educational tasks, the arboretum aims to breed and preserve all the beauty of Russian nature, which can only be captured in this area.
As you can see, there are many protected lands, all have different names, but the goals of specially protected natural areas are almost the same - the preservation and enhancement of natural objects, observation of the natural course of events, scientific and educational activities.
