"Politics is like a sphinx from myths, it eats up everyone who cannot solve its mysteries" - this quote by the French writer A. Rivarol emphasizes the importance of political views and beliefs in choosing the further path of development of the whole society and the individual as part of it.
Mechanisms for the formation of ideologies
Political preferences, like every person, are purely individual, but it cannot be said that there are as many preferences as there are people. This is only partly true. Indeed, many groups of people agree in their views on certain issues of the structure of the social system. Of course there are differences. Sometimes they are quite significant, sometimes minimal, but with all this, one can distinguish the fundamental identity of points of view. It is on this basis that people are united by this or that ideology. Over its long history, mankind has developedmany socio-political concepts, from extreme utopianism to prudent pragmatism. Changes in consciousness in different epochs of historical development gave rise to various political projects, and each of them had its supporters. Political preferences depend on origin, social status, level of education. Age and habit play an important role, as well as the traditions that have developed in society.
Social liberal ideologies
Modern political ideologies can be conditionally divided into left, right and the so-called center. Consider them in more detail.
So, the left (socialism, communism) - the main base of these currents are the poorest segments of the population, as well as supporters of absolute social equality. In many ways, communism is similar to the utopian ideas of the Enlightenment.
Center. Among them, one can distinguish social democrats, whose views (that is, political preferences) are moderate. These are peculiar liberals among socialists. It is this ideology that the Swedish government armed itself with and demonstrates the full viability of this trend, unlike communism.
Right (liberals, conservatives, national fascists). The liberal doctrine also has many adherents; its carriers are the middle strata of society, successful businessmen and some part of civil servants. Also liberals in their views are often teachers and other intelligentsia. This system of values puts at the forefront the rights and freedoms of the individual,individualism. Used by many European countries and shows full viability.
Conservative-Nationalist Ideologies
Kinds of political preferences also include the concept of conservatism and various kinds of nationalism. The main principles of the first include stability, traditionalism, order and natural inequality. Supporters of this ideology are, as a rule, large and we althy industrialists, the top of church dignitaries, in other cases - some part of the generals and officers. The main idea is collectivism and family values.
The political preferences of nationalists can be divided into two groups:
1. Patriotic, when a country seeks to free itself from foreign domination, for example, colonial wars.
2. National fascism - enjoys the greatest influence during periods of economic and political instability. Racism, violence, complete submission - these are the basic principles of Nazism.
Political preferences can also be described by another scale:
- democratic (they include liberals, part conservatives, part socialists);
- authoritarian (conservatives, socialists, monarchists);
- totalitarian (communism and fascism).
In conclusion, I would like to note: despite such an extensive classification, absolutely all political views, beliefs and preferences are determined by political psychology, that is, feelings, emotions, moods and other elements of consciousness.
