We are used to the fact that the seasons change. Winter is replaced by spring after it - summer, and then autumn … For us, this is a common occurrence.
Change of temperature regime
In winter we get cold. And we are hot in summer. We are eagerly awaiting the arrival of warmth. However, the transition period when the temperature becomes most comfortable for us, as a rule, does not last very long. And the hot dry summer is coming. There is a rather sharp change in temperature.
As a rule, we are busy with our daily activities and do not think about why this happens. Why is it cold in winter and hot in summer? What influences this change of seasons?
Why is winter cold?
We all know from school years that our Earth revolves around the Sun and around its own axis. Naturally, during the movement, the planet either approaches the Sun, or vice versa - moves away from it.
We have such a stereotype that winter comes when the Earth is at the farthest distance from the source of heat and light. But it is not so. After all, there is another important factor - the axis of the Earth's tilt.
It passes through the North and South Poles. It turns out that,when the angle of inclination moves the northern hemisphere away from the star, the day becomes short, the rays of the sun seem to slide along a tangent and do not warm up the surface so well. As a result of this, winter comes to us.
Why is it hot in summer?
But in the summer everything is quite the opposite. As soon as the northern part of the Earth is at the closest distance from the Sun, it receives a huge amount of rays, the daylight hours increase, the air temperature rises very quickly, summer comes.
In the summer, the rays of the Sun fall on the earth's surface almost perpendicularly. Therefore, the energy is more concentrated and heats the ground very quickly. Because it is hot in summer, there is a lot of sun. In winter, the sun's rays seem to glide over the surface, they cannot warm up either the soil or the water. The air stays cold.
It turns out that in summer the flow of energy falling on the earth's surface is much stronger and greater, and in winter it becomes smaller and weaker … Temperature indicators depend on this. In addition, we know that in summer the length of daylight hours is much longer than in winter. This means that the Sun has more time to heat up the Earth's surface.
Change of seasons by zones
If it's summer in the northern hemisphere, then it's winter in the southern hemisphere, because at that time it is far from the Sun. The same thing happens in the second half of the year: in the southern hemisphere it becomes much warmer and even hot, and winter comes in the northern.
Meanwhile, in different zones of the Earth completelydifferent climatic conditions. This is due to the proximity or distance from the equator. The closer to it, the hotter the climate, and vice versa, the farther from it, the colder the climatic conditions.
In addition, many factors influence the weather. This is the proximity to the sea, and the height relative to the level of the oceans. Indeed, in the mountains it is quite cool even in summer, and on the peaks even in the heat there is snow.
Of course, the equator is an imaginary line running through the center of the Earth. But it is closest to the Sun, regardless of the tilt of our planet's axis. It is for this reason that regions near the equator are constantly languishing from excess amounts of energy. The temperature here does not fall below twenty-four degrees. It's not only hot here in the summer. There is no winter in our understanding at all. The sun's rays fall on the surface near the equator almost at a right angle, which gives the earth's surface in this region the maximum amount of light and heat.
Climate warming
Summer weather always pleases us with warmth, plenty of sunny days, long daylight hours. However, each season there is an establishment for some time of abnormally hot weather in regions uncharacteristic of such temperatures. This instantly sparks talk of "global warming". Scientists argue a lot about this issue. Some paint downright menacing pictures of the future of this phenomenon. Others see nothing wrong with this. However, everyone is still trying to unravel the cause of this phenomenon. There are a lot of assumptions. But there is no single reliablecorrect. That is why it is worth just enjoying the summer warmth and sun, the sea and flowers, the river and hot sand. Because summer goes by so fast. And excessively hot weather can be tolerated, it's worth it. But how many wonderful things await us at this time, nature beckons us to relax and enjoy life.
