Our planet experiences regular weather changes throughout the year. Such changes are called seasons. All seasonal changes in nature have their own separate name. It is winter, spring, summer and autumn. Changes in the weather and changes in the behavior of the animal world during these periods depend on the amount of solar radiation distributed to various regions of the globe. Of great importance is also the angle of incidence of the sun's ray on the surface of the Earth. The more the angle of inclination tends to a straight line, the hotter it becomes at a particular point of incidence of this beam. Day length also affects seasonal changes.
Dependence of seasonal changes on territorial location
In the northern and southern hemispheres of the globe, seasonal changes in inanimate nature are completely opposite. It depends on the location of the Earth in relation to the Sun. An imaginary red line on the globe separates the two hemispheres exactly in the middle. This line is called the equator. Throughout the year, the sun's rays fall on this area almost at right angles. And therefore, in countries located on the equator line, there is constantly hot and dry weather.weather. Traditionally, the winter period is considered the beginning of the year.
Winter - cold and beauty
The Northern Hemisphere is farthest from the Sun in winter. All seasonal changes in nature during this period freeze in anticipation of warming. A time of low temperatures, snowfalls, winds and abundant ice formation. Many animals hibernate to conserve vital energy. After the winter equinox on December 21, the Sun begins to rise higher above the horizon, and the length of the day slowly increases.
Winter time for nature is a period of struggle and beauty. Plants stop growing, some animals and birds move to warmer countries, and people escape the cold in sheltered areas. You can see abandoned bird nests, bare tree branches and large amounts of snowfall.
Change in winter weather
Winter weather is changeable and unpredictable. One week there may be severe frosts, and the next - an unexpected thaw. In the cold, you can hear how trees crackle in the frost, water freezes in rivers, lakes and ponds. Ice crystals form a solid upper layer of water on the surface of reservoirs, which reliably protects deep-seated inhabitants from the penetration of cold. In remote mountainous areas, snowstorms cover roads, and people have to stock up on food in advance.
During thaws, seasonal changes in nature can be manifested by unexpected rains, which, when frost returns, create an ice crust on roads and plants. icetrees, houses, cars and roads are covered. This natural phenomenon is very dangerous for animals and people. The accumulation of ice breaks trees, damages power lines and renders bridges and roads unusable.
Animals and flora in winter
Most plants are dormant in winter. Among the snow-white snow blockages, only some types of evergreen trees, such as spruce, cedar, pine or fir, turn green. At the end of winter, when warming, the movement of juices begins, and the first buds appear on the trees.
Many birds fly away to warmer regions, but more than 30 species remain in the Northern Hemisphere even during the most severe frosts. These are, as a rule, birds that feed on the seeds of certain plants. Birds also stay for the winter - scavengers like crows, gulls and pigeons and hunters like hawks and owls.
Winter is a time of long sleep for many animals, and seasonal changes in wildlife occur differently everywhere. Frogs go into hibernation and burrow into the mud, while small animals like voles and marmots hide in pre-excavated burrows. Earthworms, caterpillars and bumblebees also behave. Keep within warm lairs and bears. During hibernation, animals are in a state of suspended animation. Tolerate seasonal changes in nature and many other mammals. These are otters, muskrats, deer, hares and many other species of forest dwellers.
Spring is the time of flowering
From March 20, the length of the day is significantly increasing, increasingaverage daily temperature, the first flowers begin to bloom. Animals that hibernated in the cold begin to molt, and those that hibernate begin to return to their former way of life. Birds build nests and begin to acquire chicks. Numerous offspring are also born in mammals. Various insects appear.
In the Northern Hemisphere, spring comes on the vernal equinox. The length of the day is compared to the length of the night. In spring, heavy rains and snowmelt begin. Water basins overflow and spring floods begin. The first flowers bloom, and their active pollination by emerging insects begins. The first flowers to appear are snowdrops, irises and lilies. Leaves appear on the trees.
Wildlife awakening
Gradually the air is filled with the singing of migratory birds returning from hot countries. Toads and frogs wake up after hibernation and begin to sing their mating songs. Many mammals are exploring new territories.
Spring seasonal changes in wildlife begin with the appearance of various insects. Very early you can see mosquitoes and flies. Other insects wake up behind them at the beginning of spring. Various bumblebees, wasps and the like are reliably protected from spring frosts by a fluffy striped fur coat.
Summer is a ripening crop
After June 21, real summer begins in the Northern Hemisphere. The development of all plants is rapidly going on, and for herbivorous animals the time of enhanced nutrition is coming. Predators, in turn, actively prey on loversgreen fodder. All seasonal changes in nature in summer occur very quickly. Great weather allows people to grow so many vegetables and fruits during the summer months that their stocks can last for a very long time. Perennials are also at their peak during the summer months.
At the end of summer, the ripe harvest begins. Fruits ripen on many shrubs, trees and other plants. But summer production of vegetables and fruits is sometimes drastically reduced due to dehydration of the soil and the inability to provide plants with enough water.
In the summer, many birds train their chicks and prepare them for the long fall migration. Summer and seasonal changes in nature in summer is a wonderful topic for studying the behavior of not only birds, but also many insects and other representatives of the animal world. The educational excursion "Seasonal changes in nature" will be very interesting for children.
Autumn - picking fruits
From September 22, new seasonal changes in nature occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In the fall, it gets cold pretty quickly. There is a drop in temperature, and the midday sun no longer heats very much. The days are getting shorter and the life cycle of many plants is coming to an end. The animal world is preparing for migration to the south or building warm shelters for a long winter hibernation. Some animals and birds change summer outfits for warmer winter ones. Among many breeds of animals, the mating season begins. The grass withers, and the leaves ontrees change color and fall off. The sun does not rise at all over the North, and the Arctic will be in complete darkness for the next six months. Autumn ends on the winter solstice.
You can trace the most interesting seasonal changes in nature in autumn during the short-term Indian summer. The return of warm weather for a few autumn days allows animals and plants to finish preparing for the bitter cold. Gardeners and gardeners are closely watching the harbingers of frost in order to have time to complete the harvest of a plentiful harvest of vegetables and fruits.
Animal world in autumn
Many animals and birds are beginning to move south in search of milder temperatures and reliable food supplies. Some animal species hibernate. Bears go into deep winter sleep. In late autumn, a large number of insects die. Some insects burrow deeper into the ground or hibernate as larvae or pupae.
Various seasonal changes in nature in autumn for preschoolers will be clear if you explain what is happening to the children and supplement the story about autumn with illustrative examples. This is a demonstration of beautiful orange and red maple leaves, various crafts made from autumn leaves and twigs, observations of the animal world. Children may also be interested in autumn seasonal changes in a corner of nature, which, as a rule, is created in any preschoolinstitution.
Nature Calendar
To consolidate knowledge about the change of seasons and get to know nature better, you can make nature calendars together with preschoolers. These can be children's themed drawings or applications using summer or autumn natural material. Natural phenomena can be presented in the form of a schematic image or using a variety of thematic stickers.
Different story pictures are placed on the calendar according to the passing season.
In winter, these can be images of sleeping bears or animals with white fur. Spring can be illustrated with images of melting snow and the arrival of migratory birds. There are many available ways to visually convey the summer season. This is a demonstration of ripe fruits and various natural summer phenomena. The autumn season is also illustrated with the fallen leaves of the trees.
In general, the story of natural changes during different seasons and the creation of a calendar of observations of significant changes in the environment contributes to the development of children and instilling in them love for their native land.
