The ancient Russian city of Tyumen has a long and interesting history. The nature and stages of development of the settlement are captured by various monuments of Tyumen, among which there are traditional monuments, unusual sculptural groups and installations. Also, many monuments of culture and architecture have been preserved here. Let's see what is the history of the monuments of Tyumen and tell you about the most interesting local monuments.
History of the city
The first inhabitants on the territory of modern Tyumen appeared in the Neolithic era, they were the Sargat, Kozlov and Koshkin archaeological cultures. They were semi-nomadic peoples, and the first settled settlements in this region are documented in the 13th century. At that time, the capital of the Tyumen Khanate was located here. In the 16th century, a Russian prison was founded here, designed to defend the lands belonging to Tsar Fedor Ivanovich from the raids of various invaders. Gradually, the city is growing, in addition to the military, service people and merchants come here. Afterseveral devastating fires at the beginning of the 18th century, stone construction begins in Tyumen. In the 19th century, when the importance of the main city of the county of Tobolsk declined, Tyumen began to flourish. The rapid development of the city was facilitated by the construction of a railway in it. Over the century, it has become a major commercial and industrial center of the region. Many architectural monuments of Tyumen are being erected, which today constitute the property of the settlement. The second industrial breakthrough was expected by the city during the Second World War, when several large manufacturing enterprises were evacuated here. A new round of development of Tyumen begins in the 60s, during the beginning of the active development of oil and gas fields in the region. A long and rich history is reflected in the various monuments of the city.
Historical Monuments
Famous cultural monuments of Tyumen allow you to better imagine the history of this city, immerse yourself in its atmosphere. As in any old Russian city, in Tyumen the most significant and interesting are the objects of temple architecture. Here, any tourist should pay attention to the Holy Trinity Monastery, the stone building of which was erected at the beginning of the 18th century. The main cathedral is a beautiful snow-white building with five domes and a cubic base. This unique building combines the conciseness of ancient Russian traditions with elements of Ukrainian baroque. The oldest church in the city was the Annunciation Cathedral, unfortunately, it was blown up in the 30s of the 20th century, but in the 21st century a copy was created, which today is located in the Deputies Square. A happier fate went to the Cathedral of the Sign, which was built in the first half of the 17th century. The cathedral was rebuilt more than once during its long life, but even today it has retained its original features of Russian baroque. Of the secular buildings, the preserved buildings of the first women's gymnasium of the 19th century, several merchant mansions, the building of the former Duma, and the former Alexander School are of historical importance.
Architectural monuments
Tyumen was built up over several centuries, and today you can see several buildings from different eras here. The main architectural monuments of Tyumen date back to the late 18th and 19th centuries. The mentioned cathedrals, as well as the Holy Cross Church of the end of the 18th century, the round Church of All Saints of the end of the 19th century are undoubted monuments of temple architecture. In addition to the cathedrals, the building of the drama theater, built in the middle of the 19th century in the classical style, is of interest. In its external appearance, the building resembles the architecture of the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow. The classic Russian estate with restored interiors - the Kolokolnikov House - recreates the merchant life of the 19th century, the building is an excellent example of the Empire style. Civil architecture is also represented by such state-protected objects as the house of A. S. Kolmakov, the merchant A. F. Averkiev, V. Zhernakov’s shop, Ushakov’s house, the Vladimir orphanage (late 19th century), the house of the Noble Assembly. Several masterpieces of wooden architecture of the 19th century have been preserved in Tyumen. The city also has later architecturalmonuments, such as an early 20th century water tower, several early 20th century Art Nouveau houses, a constructivist round house.
Monuments to heroes
There are many monuments in Tyumen that perpetuate the memory of the heroes of various events. On Republic Street you can see a monument - a mass grave to the victims of the Civil War. In the post-revolutionary years, Tyumen was the site of a fierce struggle between the White and Red armies. During these events, many civilians were killed. The first obelisk in their honor was erected back in 1927, and in 1967 a monument to the sculptor V. I. Belov appeared. Also in the city in 1957, a monument to the fighters of the revolution was erected on Alexander Square. As in many Russian cities, Tyumen's war monuments enjoy special respect. This is a monument in honor of the home front workers, created by a group of artists headed by A. Medvedev in 2010, and a bas-relief in memory of the soldiers who died in World War II on Historical Square. Also in the city there is a monument to the scout, Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Kuznetsov, erected in 1967, a monument to a paratrooper, a monument to the dead police officers.
Monuments of the Soviet period
Almost in all cities of the former Soviet Union there is a monument to Lenin on the central square, in Tyumen there is also one. He arrived here in 1979. A large-scale 9-meter bronze sculpture was created by the architect Gavrilov. In Soviet times, the already mentioned monuments to the victims of wars and home front workers were erected. In the railroad parkyou can see several sculptures from the same period of time. The memory of the heroes of various events was traditionally immortalized in a place that in 1987 was called the Heroes' Square. There is a monument to the soldiers who died from wounds in the hospitals of Tyumen, a monument in honor of the Mother, who mourns for the dead soldier, and several memorial signs. In 1968, the Eternal Flame memorial in honor of the heroes of Tyumen was opened on Historical Square.
Monuments to the citizens of the city
After perestroika, the city began to erect monuments more actively, perpetuating the memory of the city's residents. Today, the monuments of Tyumen, photos with descriptions of which occupy more than one page in the guidebook, are of particular interest to tourists and local historians. In 2006, a monument to the discoverer of Tyumen oil, Yuri Ervie, appeared on Republic Street, who worked in the city for many years and was the first to scientifically substantiate the prospects for developing local oil deposits. In 2008, a monument to A. I. Tekutiev appeared on the boulevard of the same name. At the beginning of the 20th century, he was one of the largest entrepreneurs and donated large sums for the improvement of the city. The sculpture was created by the artist A. Antonov and the architect M. Belik. In 2014, a monument was erected in honor of another major philanthropist, merchant N. Chukmaldin, on the boulevard named after him. In 2004, a bust of B. Shcherbina, a prominent politician of the Soviet era, who did a lot for the development of Tyumen, appeared in the city. In 2009, a monument was erected to the geologist, German doctor and scientist W. Steller,who participated in Bering's Kamchatka expeditions and died in 1746 in Tyumen.
Monument to victims of repressions
In 1997, the monuments of the city of Tyumen were enriched with another one - a stone in honor of the victims of the repressions of 1937-38. The place where the monument was erected was not chosen by chance, here in the 1930s there was a mass grave of victims of executions. Today, a birch grove grows here, in which a large granite stone with a marble memorial cross and an inscription was laid. Also in the city there is a memorial plaque in honor of special settlers - victims of repression, and a memorial sign in honor of those shot in the 30s.
Monument to St. Philotheus Leshchinsky
The main monuments of Tyumen are dedicated to the Soviet people, the only monument in honor of the church leader appeared in 2007. The monument to St. Philotheus Leshchinsky is installed in the square opposite the Holy Trinity Monastery, the founder of which he once was. The initiator of the creation of the monument was the mayor's office. The author of the sculpture was the architect A. F. Medvedev, who won the announced competition for the best project. The sculpture depicts the Saint walking through the altar arch in a hood and with a staff, he is greeted by representatives of the Cossacks and the peoples of the North.
Monument to the First Shipbuilders
The monuments of Tyumen in 2010 replenished with a bright sculptural group in honor of the First Shipbuilding Plant in Siberia. It is located on the embankment of the Tura River and is a group of two figures: the engineer Hector Gullet and the merchant of the first guild I. I. Ignatov. An engineer in the middle of the 19th century was the organizer of a mechanical plant in Tyumen. This enterprise was the first in Siberia of those who moved from handicraft to industrial production of ships. Merchant Ignatov invested his personal funds in the creation of the plant, the opening of a power plant and the first public elevator in Siberia. The performer of the sculptural group was the Yekaterinburg Art Fund, the name of the author is unknown.
Unusual Monuments
The city has many interesting sculptures and monuments that enliven and diversify the urban landscape. In 2010, a sculptural group appeared on the Tura embankment in honor of the Great Kamchatka Expeditions. The center of the composition is occupied by the figure of V. I. Bering, whose two expeditions passed through Tyumen. In 2014, a small corner appeared in the Aptekarsky Garden with the figure of G. Rasputin, who, according to legend, was treated at a local hospital after being wounded in 1914. The sculpture was created by the artist V. Zolotukhin, tourists and locals are happy to take pictures on a chair next to Rasputin. In 2010, a monument to a dog (Tyumen) appeared in Central Park, which is designed to remind the residents of the city that you need to love all animals, especially the disadvantaged. The sculpture is also a piggy bank in which you can put money that will go to help homeless animals.
Monument to Mom
In 2010, a very unusual monument appeared in the city. The monument to mother in Tyumen was invented by representatives of the councilCentral district, a place was allocated for him in the park not far from the perinatal center. The artist P. S. Starchenko became the author of the sculpture. The monument depicts a sculptural group, the basis of the composition is the figure of a woman in late pregnancy, she is surrounded by happy children. At first, the author wanted to portray a happy father next to him, but it was decided that dad deserves a separate monument. Soon, a monument in honor of my father appeared in one of the squares near the cinema, so justice was done.
Sculptures
Some of the monuments of Tyumen are a decoration of the city and a reminder of ordinary people, there are also many interesting sculptures on the streets and squares that make you smile and are traditional places for photo shoots. At the entrance to the city, guests are greeted by the composition "Flying Tyumen", which symbolizes the wives, sisters, mothers of the Decembrists, who did not let them lose hope. An unusual sculptural group "Where the Motherland Begins" was installed in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Tyumen region. She immortalized the memory of those who died in all wars and conflicts. Behind the figure of a boy in his grandfather's greatcoat there is a wall with photo frames where Tyumen residents can insert photos of their dead relatives. On the territory of Tyumen University you can see an unusual sculpture "Saint Tatiana", which is the patroness of Russian students. Opposite the circus there is a sculptural group "Trio", depicting three famous clowns: Oleg Popov, Pencil and Yuri Nikulin. And in the city there is an unusual sculpture "Plumber",composition "Globe", monuments to Aibolit, Janitor and Postman.
