The city of Makaryev, Kostroma Region, is located in the valley of the Unzhi River. It is 186 kilometers away from the city of Kostroma. The telephone code of the city of Makaryeva is +7 49445. The population of the city, as of 2017, is 6600 people. The postal code of the city of Makaryevo, Kostroma Region, is 157460. It originally appeared as a settlement at the Makaryevo-Unzhensky Monastery. This is a small but ancient town, with almost 6 centuries of history. What is the history of this amazing city? What are the sights of Makariev? How does the city live today?
History of the founding of the settlement
Monk Macarius "had a hand" in the founding of the city, who built his monastery in 1439 on the banks of the Unzha River. The monk became famous among people for his ability to heal the seriously ill, for which he was nicknamed "the reverend" by the people. Pilgrimages began to visit him.people, many of them wanted to stay forever to live near this person. Near the skete of Macarius, several wooden churches were built, around which a monastery and a village were formed. The monastery has developed especially rapidly since 1619, after Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich visited it.
Wooden buildings in 1665 are gradually replaced by stone ones. In 1670, the Trinity Church was built, five years later - Makarievskaya, another five - Blagoveshchenskaya, in 1685 - Nikolskaya, and in 1735 - the Assumption Church. Thus, the monastic Makaryevsky complex was formed.
City formation
In 1775, two provinces were formed in the Kostroma Territory: Unzha and Kostroma. The Makaryev settlement became part of the Unzha province, becoming its center.
Three years later, by decree of Catherine ΙΙ, the settlement received the status of a city. A year later, the coat of arms of the city was approved, which is the following: on a blue background in the upper part - a galley stern with three lanterns and lowered stairs - indicates the coat of arms of the Kostroma governorship, in the lower part - two bells, meaning that the city is a monastery.
History of Makariev in the 19th-20th centuries
Since the middle of the 19th century, the construction of stone houses has been unfolding in the city, which have survived to this day.
The urban settlement (the city of Makariev-on-Unzha) was famous for its fairs, Blagoveshchenskaya, Ilyinskaya and Kreshchenskaya were especially popular.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the city burned several times, the largestthe fire was in 1802, in which almost all the buildings perished. After this misfortune, Makariev was built according to a plan very similar to the plan for the development of the city of Kostroma.
In the middle of the 19th century there were three churches, 550 houses, more than 30 shops in the city.
At the beginning of the 20th century, a brick factory, two tanneries, two soap factories, a tallow-candle factory, and a sheepskin factory worked in Makariev. There were about 17 haberdashery, textile, bakery, shoe stores.
The main population of the city were: shoemakers, carpenters, tailors, blacksmiths, carpenters and other artisans.
The timber industry and logging were widely developed. The city was the main timber market on the Volga.
It was a major river port, the first private shipping was opened in 1860.
The exiles were transported through Makaryev to Siberia.
In 1891 a vocational school was opened, and in 1909 a women's gymnasium.
After the revolution of 1917, the Soviet of Workers' Deputies was created in the city, headed by Petr Katanov. A city street was later named after him.
Years of the Great Patriotic War
The war years were harsh and tragic for the city, about 7,000 citizens stood up to defend their homeland, more than 1,000 of them were awarded medals and orders, every second did not return alive. The townspeople are very proud of the heroic deeds of their fellow countrymen and respectfully honor their names: Yury Smirnov, Nikolai Smirnov, Alexander Volodin - Heroes of the USSR. Marshal of the USSR, Minister of Defense of the USSR lived and studied here– Ustinov D. F.
City today
Currently, the city of Makaryev is a typical Russian provincial town, whose inhabitants live off trade. A large market-fair is open here every Thursday, which attracts sellers from nearby cities.
In recent years, residential neighborhoods, a distillery, and a bakery have been built in the city. The city has a central hospital.
In 1993, the reconstruction of the Makaryevo-Unzha Monastery began, since the beginning of 2000, the Alexander Nevsky Church was restored.
The city has a House of Culture, a music school, a children's art school, a museum named after Yu. Smirnov, a museum of local lore, a city park of culture and recreation, a library, a stadium, a sports school. Tourists and guests of the city can stay at the Zarya Hotel.
Main Attractions
Makarievo-Unzha Monastery was founded in the first half of the 14th century. The Monk Macarius, after the capture of Nizhny Novgorod and the Trinity Monastery by the Kazan ruler Ulu Mukhammed, left his native monastery and went to the Unzha forests, where he founded a skete. Legends say that thanks to his fervent prayers, a spring appeared next to the mountain. Years passed, the monastery expanded, churches were built: the Church of Macarius, the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Church of the Assumption. The stone walls around the monastery were erected for about 10 years, the construction was completed in 1764. Within the walls of the monastery, in the Trinity Cathedral,the relics of the monk Macarius are kept.
During the years of Soviet power, the monastery was closed, but the parish life and worship continued in it. In 1926, a physical culture and sports club was located in the St. Nicholas Church, and three years later the monastery was finally closed, banning worship and other religious activities. The relics of Macarius were transferred to the museum.
From the beginning of the 90s, the revival of the monastery began, relics returned from the museum. Currently, this is a functioning convent, open to everyone to visit the holy and historical place. A holy spring still flows near the monastery.
"Tree of love". On Nizhnyaya Naberezhnaya Street there is Novy Sad, a favorite vacation spot for city guests and citizens. The main attraction of the park is a long-lived pine, which is about 200 years old. It is popularly called the "Tree of Love". The air and atmosphere in the park and especially near the tree are filled with romance and love. The tree has witnessed many romantic meetings and dates, and according to city traditions, newlyweds come here on their wedding day.
The local history museum is located in a building built in the 18th century. It presents various expositions, the main of which is the "History of the city of Makariev, Kostroma region", which tells about the origin of the city and all stages of its development. The exposition itself consists of several sections devoted to the history of the foundation of the city, its history during the period of Soviet power, during the war and the post-war period. On displaypresents photos of the city of Makariev in different historical periods of its development.
There are expositions about the everyday life of the townspeople of past centuries. At the exhibition, you can see the city fairs of the past, what types of crafts the inhabitants of the city were engaged in. There are sections on education and medicine, on administrative management, on the social and cultural life of the city.
In the natural department of the museum there are stuffed birds and animals that live in these places.
Very interesting exposition "Education", which presents the diplomas of the best students, school desks and textbooks of the 19th century, books and historical encyclopedias.
The exhibition "Household Items" presents a variety of things woven from birch bark, willow roots and twig.
Church of the Nativity. The first wooden temple on the site of the modern one appeared in the 17th century. At that time it was the village of Kovrovo, which belonged to the monastery. By the beginning of the 18th century, the wooden building was completely dilapidated, in October 1715 a new church was laid, which was built over several years. Its main attraction was the Tikhvin icon of the Mother of God, and it was consecrated in honor of it. But in the early 1770s, the temple burned down, and five years later a stone building was erected in honor of the Nativity of Christ. At the beginning of the 19th century, a bell tower was added to the temple. Between 1929 and 1938 the church was the only one operating in the city, but then it was closed until 1945.
Famous citizens
Many prominent Russians were born and lived in the city. Yu. V. Smirnov studied at the city vocational school in different years. - HeroUSSR, Ustinov D. F. - Minister of Defense of the USSR. Volodin A. F. was born in the city. - Hero of the USSR, Smirnov N. A. - Colonel, Skuchalov A. V. – holder of three orders of glory.
City Architecture
The general plan of the city of Makariev in many ways resembled the layout of Kostroma. It was approved in 1781, and after a strong fire in the city it was transformed.
A semicircular square was laid in the center of the city, radial highways departed from it. The area was supposed to serve as a shopping center.
Makarievo-Unzhensky Monastery and Tikhvin Cathedral in the center of the city are not only religious, but also architectural landmarks of the city. No less architecturally interesting is the building of government offices, built in 1806. This is a two-story building in the style of classicism, designed by architect Zakharov A. D.
In 1868, the building of the fire station and the city government was built, and in 1888 - the hotel yard, at the beginning of the 20th century - trading shops.
The architectural landmark of the city is the building of the noble assembly, the house of Trinity, the house of Nemkov, built in the city center in 1907.
In 1890, the buildings of a vocational school, a zemstvo hospital, a religious school were erected in the city.
The original layout and historical buildings of the 19th - early 20th centuries have been well preserved in the city.
Transportation
The city has a central bus station from which you can get toKostroma, Moscow, Yurovo, Kologriv, Manturovo. As a transport route, the Unzha River is used, along which a ferry goes to the village of Komsomolsky, located on the left bank of the river. No passenger shipping.
How to get to the city of Makariev?
On the bus. There is a direct bus from the city of Kostroma to the city, the journey takes about 3 hours. On it you can also get to Kadiya and Sudislavl, through which the route passes.
On the train. You should go to Kostroma, and from there by bus, since there is no railway station in the city of Makaryevo.
By car. From Moscow to the city 535 kilometers, the path should be laid through Yaroslavl and Kostroma. If you go through Vologda, the road will pass through Sudislavl and Bui, the length of the path is about 400 kilometers.
The city of Makaryev is one of the most picturesque ancient cities of the Kostroma region. There are also historical monuments of architecture, culture and religious shrines. The city has retained its original appearance, which it borrowed from Kostroma. Currently, it is a cozy provincial and historical town that attracts both pilgrims and lovers of a quiet relaxing holiday away from the bustle of the city.
