Nature of Armenia: photo, flora and fauna. Mountains of Armenia

2024 Author: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-02-12 02:54

Many famous artists captured the nature of this picturesque corner of the earth in poetry, and poets sang it in verse. Iosif Mandelstam, Andrei Bely, Nikolai Tikhonov and Valery Bryusov wrote about the we alth and austere beauty of these places. Unique landscapes are reflected in the paintings of artists Minas Avetisyan and Martiros Saryan, as well as in the priceless canvases of Ivan Aivazovsky ("Ararat Valley" and "View of Lake Sevan").

Natural monuments of Armenia, features of flora and fauna is the topic of this article.

General information

The nature of these places has played an important role in the history of the people of Armenia. Just as during the period of the global flood it became the center of the emergence of a new humanity, so later it helped its people during the struggle against enemy cruel attacks. Thanks to numerous deep gorges and high mountains, lakes and rivers, the Armenian fortresses were almost impregnable.

Many poems and songs are devoted to the nature of Armenia, where its consonance with the centuries-old history and culture of the local people is emphasized.

Climatic conditions

The territory of Armenia is located at an altitude of 1000-2500 meters above sea level. The geographic latitude of its location corresponds to the latitude of such European countries as Italy, Greece and Spain.

Armenia attracts not only with numerous natural and historical attractions, but also with a favorable continental climate. It is warm here in summer and moderately cold in winter. A total of 280 days a year are sunny here.

Mountains

The sacred symbol of Armenia is the largest and highest volcanic massif, which is a stratovolcano (two cones merged with their bases - dormant volcanoes Big and Small Ararat) of the Armenian Highlands. It is currently located in the eastern part of Turkey. This is the greatest Ararat. Armenia (its border) is about 28 kilometers away today.

However, this state also has its own beautiful mountain ranges. One of the names of Armenia is Karastan, which means “Land of Stones”. From the east and north, this country is framed by the ridges of the Lesser Caucasus. It is the most mountainous country in the Transcaucasus, since more than 90% of its territory is located at an altitude of 1000 meters. The largest peak of Armenia is Aragats (height 4090 m), the second mountain in descending height is Kaputjukh (3904 meters).

Armenia is richdeposits of rocks and minerals, precious metals, including gold, molybdenum, zinc. In addition, the nature of Armenia has colossal reserves of building stone: bas alt, tuff, felsite and travertine.

Lakes and rivers

The longest river in Armenia is the Araks, the left tributary of which is the Hrazdan, which has an important hydropower and irrigation value.

In total, there are more than 100 lakes in this country, the largest of which is the high- altitude lake Sevan with fresh water. It is located at an altitude of 1900 m. The area of its water surface is more than 1200 square meters. kilometers. Sevan is of great importance in navigation, fishing, and is also a wonderful recreation area.

Flora and fauna of Armenia

The territory of Armenia is located at the junction of the Caucasian forest-meadow and Iranian desert-semi-desert geobotanical provinces. This is the reason for the diversity of its flora. This hidden corner of the earth is home to over 3200 varieties of plants, 120 of which are found only here.

Forests of Armenia occupy 12% of its entire territory. Beech, oak, hornbeam grow here, sometimes there are ash, maple and wild fruit trees. In the flat areas, feather grass, wheatgrass, fescue and thin-legged grow. The rocky areas are characterized by shrubs such as buckthorn, almonds, arborvitae, as well as cushion vegetation (chistets, tragacanth astragalus, thyme, acantholimon and sage).

The nature of Armenia has always helped those who lived in theseplaces for people to fight various wounds, ailments and even old age. These areas are distinguished by a variety of medicinal plants. It should be noted that it is the Ararat Valley that is the center of distribution of the first types of cereal crops, in particular wheat.

The fauna is represented by rare species of birds and animals. There are up to 450 species of vertebrates, 44 reptiles and 6 amphibians, as well as over 10,000 invertebrates and 24 fish species.

The nature of Armenia is also rich in endemics. This is explained by the peculiarities of the geography of the region, the diversity of soils and climate, the presence of freshwater reservoirs, large elevation changes.

Natural Monuments

Volcanic formations found in the valleys of the Arpa, Azat and Hrazdan rivers, presented in the form of cones, bas alt pillars and ray-like forms of the Vardenis and Geghama mountain ranges, as well as natural pyramids (the rarest relief weathering) - all these are natural monuments of Armenia.

They also include the most beautiful alpine lakes, numerous fresh, mineral springs, and more. others

Conclusion

There is one city in Armenia - Ararat, where important international environmental projects are being launched, aimed at protecting the environment. It got its name in honor of the sacred mountain located on the Ararat plain, which is the most fertile in Armenia in its entire history.

The city is also known as a center of heavy industry. It contains processinggold ore factory and cement plant.