The city of Voronezh is located in the middle zone of the Russian Federation. Based on the banks of the river of the same name. It borders on the waters of the Don. It is the administrative center of the Voronezh region. A little over 500 km separate the city from the capital.
Population history
On the territory of the city several decades ago, archaeologists found numerous evidence that tribes of the Abashev culture lived here in ancient times. The first people in this region appeared in the Paleolithic period about 42 thousand years ago. Then the population of Voronezh was represented by the Cro-Magnons. They mainly lived in the area of the modern Don.
The first village recorded in historical documents was called Kostenki. It was located in close proximity to the current center of Voronezh. In the 7th century BC e. Scythian tribes lived in the steppe area. A few centuries later, they occupied the entire territory of the modern city and its outskirts. The largest concentration of Scythians was noted in the so-called Left Bank region. In the 4th century AD. e. the Don steppes were subjected to raids by the Huns. For a long time, various nomadic tribes alternately lived here. In the 7th century, the Don territory was assigned to the Khazar Khaganate. Only laterFifty years the Slavs began to appear on the plains. At that time, according to data from the annals, the population in Voronezh was only about a thousand. Most of the inhabitants of the community were adherents of the Romany-Borshevsky culture.
In the 8th century, the Pechenegs began to settle in the steppes, followed by the Cumans. The Voronezh region has been independent for a long time. However, during the period of fragmentation, the region became part of the Ryazan principality. In the 13th century, a bloody battle of the Russian squad with the army of Batu unfolded near the walls of the city. At the end of the fighting, it was decided to erect a stone fortress, but it did not last long. In 1590, the Circassians set fire to it, and the whole city was destroyed along with it. As a result of the raids, many residents of the immediate vicinity left their homes. What was the population of Voronezh at that time? By the beginning of the 17th century, the number did not exceed 7 thousand people. During the Second World War, the city was partially occupied by the Germans. Today it is considered one of Russia's fastest growing economic centers with a population of one million.
Description of the region
Voronezh is located at the confluence of the Don Plain and the Central Russian Upland. A significant part of the area is occupied by forest-steppe. Two large rivers flow through the city - Voronezh and Don.
Geographic time zone - UTC +3:00. By international standards, the region is in the MSK time zone, that is, on a par with Moscow.
The climate in the region is moderate. Winters are mostly frosty, but not the same as incapital. Snow cover is stable for half of the season. Often frosts come from the beginning of November. In December, thaws occur quite often, which are accompanied by rains. The average temperature in winter is about -10 degrees. As for the summer season, it is hot and dry. The rainy season comes only in autumn. In the spring, there is a long ice drift. Due to the mild climate, the city is decorated with dozens of parks and squares. The local arboretum is popular with residents and tourists.
Religion and culture of the people
The population of Voronezh is 98% Orthodox. The local diocese has existed for about four centuries. Its original purpose was to fight the schismatics. Bishop Mitrofan became the first head of the church at the end of the 17th century. Under him, the shrine reached unprecedented heights: not only the cathedral was built, but many other temples.
Today, there are several Orthodox churches in the city. Also, among other shrines, one can note Old Believer and Baptist churches, the Jewish community, Lutheran and Catholic parishes, etc.
Modern Voronezh is considered the cultural center of the entire region. Here, not only theatrical art is rapidly developing, but alternative youth directions. The city has dozens of museums and galleries, several cinemas, a circus and a philharmonic society. All-Russian and international festivals and forums are held annually. The education of the younger generation is monitored by 6 state universities. In addition, in 2018year, the city received the right to host the World Cup Champions.
Administrative divisions
The city district is represented by a municipality, which includes several districts. The population of Voronezh is distributed geographically evenly across regions. The total area of all municipalities is about 590 sq. km.
Voronezh is divided into 6 districts: Zheleznodorozhny, Levoberezhny, Kominternovsky, Sovetsky, Central and Leninsky. The first two administrative municipalities are located on the left bank of the city reservoir, the other four - on the right. The microdistrict is considered to be Leninsky. The largest in terms of area and economic importance is Zheleznodorozhny. Each of the districts is subject to its own territorial authorities. The head of the city governs all six municipalities. In turn, numerous villages and farms are assigned to the administrative districts, such as Somovo, Pridonskoy, Shilovo, May Day, Nikolskoye, Maslovka, etc. In the near future, these settlements are expected to merge into microdistricts.
Social and national structure
The population of Voronezh is mostly employed in the industrial sector. Popularity among local residents for this industry was noted a hundred years ago. In 1913, about 20% of the population worked in the industrial sector. During the Soviet Union, the share of employees exceeded 60%. Nevertheless, by the 1970s, the working class began to dominate. Today, in the city, a significant part of the population is involved in private firms and large-scale industry. Unemploymentfluctuates within a few percent.
From the very beginning, the population of Voronezh was a multinational society. As a result of the All-Russian census, there were more than 877 thousand people in the city. Most of them turned out to be Russians (93.9%). Next on the list are Ukrainians, Armenians and Azerbaijanis. Today, dozens of different peoples live in the region.
Voronezh population
In the middle of the 17th century, the population of the city was only about 2 thousand people. The reason for such low demographic indicators was the constant raids from nomadic peoples. The outskirts of the city were burned, and the princes could not even provide their peasants with fertile land. The revival of the district by historians is noted at the end of the 18th century. At that time, the number of inhabitants increased sharply. Voronezh, with a population of 13 thousand people, began to develop rapidly in economic terms. By the middle of the 19th century, large plants and factories began to appear here, shipbuilding developed. In 1840, the municipal demographic number (the population of Voronezh) was equal to 44 thousand people.
The rapid growth of demographics and migration has been noted since the mid-1920s. In 2009, a record birth rate was recorded - about 10 thousand children. After 3 years, the millionth resident of the city was born. At the moment, there is a moderate regional population. The population of Voronezh in 2015 is 1,023million people. Demographic growth has been observed over the past 7 years.
Number by districts
The largest population of the city of Voronezh is represented in the Comintern region. There, the population is more than 273 thousand inhabitants. In turn, the minimum figures for several years have been observed in the Central District - less than 80 thousand people.
Every year Voronezh is transformed by new buildings and houses, so young families from different parts of Russia regularly come here. The largest population growth rates are in districts such as Zheleznodorozhny and Levoberezhny.
Number of the region
The population of the entire Voronezh District has been at the level of 2.3 million people for several years now. Nevertheless, each subsequent year shows a slow outflow of local residents abroad. Since 2010, about 4 thousand people have left the region.
The maximum number of the district was noted in 1915 - about 3.7 million inhabitants. Today, two-thirds of the region is urban population. Every year the rural share decreases.
